Increased intestinal permeability has been shown to be involved in several diseases associated with low-grade chronic inflammation, including obesity and metabolic syndrome. In the last decade, growing evidence shows the beneficial effects of probiotic-containing food supplementation on these conditions. In this crossover intervention study on 28 asymptomatic overweight adults, we tested the effects of a 3-wk kefir supplementation compared with a 3-wk milk supplementation on serum zonulin levels. The effects on serum glucose, triacylglycerols, low-density lipoproteins, high-density lipoproteins, total cholesterol, markers of inflammation (C-reactive protein and adiponectin), anthropometric variables, mood, and appetite were also determined. Kefir supplementation resulted in a greater improvement of serum zonulin levels (F = 6.812, η2 = 0.275), whereas a significant yet similar improvement in lipid profile and serum glucose levels was found in both supplementations. Positive mood was slightly but significantly enhanced with kefir supplementation, and reduced with milk supplementation. The C-reactive protein, adiponectin, and appetite were unaffected. In conclusion, supplementation with both dairy products had health beneficial effects, but only kefir showed an effect on the intestinal barrier dysfunction marker.

中文翻译：

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开菲尔或牛奶补充剂对超重受试者zonulin的影响。

肠道通透性增加已被证明与几种与低度慢性炎症相关的疾病有关，包括肥胖症和代谢综合征。在过去的十年中，越来越多的证据表明，含有益生菌的食品补充剂可以改善这些状况。在这项针对28名无症状超重成年人的交叉干预研究中，我们测试了添加3周开菲尔牛奶和添加3周牛奶加牛奶对血清zonulin水平的影响。还确定了对血清葡萄糖，三酰甘油，低密度脂蛋白，高密度脂蛋白，总胆固醇，炎症标志物（C反应蛋白和脂联素），人体测量学变量，情绪和食欲的影响。牛乳气饮料的添加可显着改善血清zonulin水平（F = 6.812，η2= 0.275），而两种补品在血脂和血清葡萄糖水平方面都有显着而相似的改善。补充开菲尔后，积极情绪稍有改善，但加牛奶后明显减少。C反应蛋白，脂联素和食欲不受影响。总之，两种乳制品的补充都对健康有益，但只有开菲尔对肠屏障功能障碍标志物有作用。