The availability of interventions for bereaved parents have increased. However, most are practice based. To enhance the implementation of bereavement care for parents, an overview of interventions which are replicable and evidence-based are needed. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of well-defined bereavement interventions, focused on the parents, and delivered by regular health care professionals. Also, we explore the alignment between the interventions identified and the concepts contained in theories on grief in order to determine their theoretical evidence base. A systematic review was conducted using the methods PALETTE and PRISMA. The search was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL. We included articles containing well-defined, replicable, paediatric bereavement interventions, focused on the parent, and performed by regular health care professionals. We excluded interventions on pathological grief, or interventions performed by healthcare professionals specialised in bereavement care. Quality appraisal was evaluated using the risk of bias, adapted risk of bias, or COREQ. In order to facilitate the evaluation of any theoretical foundation, a synthesis of ten theories about grief and loss was developed showing five key concepts: anticipatory grief, working models or plans, appraisal processes, coping, and continuing bonds. Twenty-one articles were included, describing fifteen interventions. Five overarching components of intervention were identified covering the content of all interventions. These were: the acknowledgement of parenthood and the child’s life; establishing keepsakes; follow-up contact; education and information, and; remembrance activities. The studies reported mainly on how to conduct, and experiences with, the interventions, but not on their effectiveness. Since most interventions lacked empirical evidence, they were evaluated against the key theoretical concepts which showed that all the components of intervention had a theoretical base. In the absence of empirical evidence supporting the effectiveness of most interventions, their alignment with theoretical components shows support for most interventions on a conceptual level. Parents should be presented with a range of interventions, covered by a variety of theoretical components, and aimed at supporting different needs. Bereavement interventions should focus more on the continuous process of the transition parents experience in readjusting to a new reality. This systematic review was registered in Prospero (registration number: CRD42019119241).

中文翻译：

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当孩子去世时：系统回顾以父母为中心的明确丧亲干预措施及其与悲伤和失落理论的一致性

为失去亲人的父母提供的干预措施有所增加。然而，大多数都是基于实践的。为了加强对父母丧亲关怀的实施，需要概述可复制且基于证据的干预措施。本次审查的目的是概述明确的丧亲干预措施，重点关注父母，并由常规医疗保健专业人员提供。此外，我们还探讨了所确定的干预措施与悲伤理论中包含的概念之间的一致性，以确定其理论证据基础。使用 PALETTE 和 PRISMA 方法进行系统评价。该检索是在 MEDLINE、Embase 和 CINAHL 上进行的。我们收录的文章包含明确的、可复制的儿科丧亲干预措施，重点关注父母，并由常规医疗保健专业人员执行。我们排除了对病理性悲伤的干预措施，或由专门从事丧亲护理的医疗保健专业人员进行的干预措施。使用偏倚风险、适应偏倚风险或 COREQ 来评估质量评估。为了促进对任何理论基础的评估，综合了十种关于悲伤和损失的理论，展示了五个关键概念：预期悲伤、工作模式或计划、评估过程、应对和持续联系。其中包括 21 篇文章，描述了 15 项干预措施。确定了干预措施的五个总体组成部分，涵盖了所有干预措施的内容。这些是：对父母身份和孩子生活的承认；建立纪念品；后续联系；教育和信息，以及；纪念活动。这些研究主要报告如何进行干预措施以及干预措施的经验，但没有报告其有效性。由于大多数干预措施缺乏经验证据，因此根据关键理论概念对它们进行了评估，这些概念表明干预措施的所有组成部分都有理论基础。在缺乏支持大多数干预措施有效性的经验证据的情况下，它们与理论成分的一致性表明在概念层面上支持大多数干预措施。应向家长提供一系列干预措施，涵盖各种理论成分，旨在支持不同的需求。丧亲之痛干预措施应更多地关注父母重新适应新现实的过渡过程。本系统评价已在 Prospero 注册（注册号：CRD42019119241）。