Bereavement support is a core part of palliative care. However, the evidence base is limited by a lack of consistency in the outcomes used to evaluate services and models of support, which makes it difficult to compare approaches. Core Outcome Sets (COS) represent the minimum that should be measured in research into specific conditions or services. The aim of this study was to use a stakeholders’ perspective to develop a COS for evaluating bereavement support for adults in adult palliative care settings. A list of outcomes relevant to bereavement support was created following a systematic review of the quantitative and qualitative literature. At an expert workshop 21 stakeholders discussed their views on the most important outcomes and compared these to and critiqued the lists constructed from the review. These lists and discussions informed a two round international DELPHI survey (n = 240) designed to reach consensus on which outcomes/outcome dimensions should be included in the COS. To prioritise and validate the items emerging from the survey, participants at a subsequent consensus day ranked the relative importance of these items (n = 23). A final feedback exercise with these consensus day participants was conducted to confirm the selection of outcomes and dimensions. ‘Ability to cope with grief’ and ‘Quality of life and mental wellbeing’ were selected as two core outcomes. Twenty-one different dimensions to explore when assessing these outcomes were also identified. The coping related dimensions have been categorised as: Negative and overwhelming grief; Communication and connectedness; Understanding, accepting and finding meaning in grief; Finding balance between grief and life going forwards; Accessing appropriate support. Those relating to quality of life and wellbeing have been categorised as; Participation in work and/or regular activities; Relationships and social functioning; Positive mental wellbeing and Negative mental and emotional state. This COS outlines a more consistent way forward for bereavement researchers and practitioners, whilst also orientating towards public health and resilience-based approaches to bereavement care. Further work is planned to identify and develop measures which are specific to this core outcome set, and which will facilitate the future comparability of bereavement services and interventions.

中文翻译：

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丧亲中的应对和幸福：评估姑息治疗中丧亲支持的两个核心结果。

丧亲支持是姑息治疗的核心部分。但是，证据基础受到用于评估服务和支持模型的结果缺乏一致性的限制，这使得比较方法变得困难。核心成果集（COS）代表在研究特定条件或服务时应衡量的最小值。这项研究的目的是利用利益相关者的观点来开发COS，以评估在成人姑息治疗环境中为成年人提供的丧亲支持。在对定量和定性文献进行系统回顾之后，创建了与丧亲支持有关的结果清单。在21个专家研讨会上，利益相关者讨论了他们对最重要结果的看法，并将其与评估结果清单进行了比较，并对其进行了评论。这些清单和讨论为两轮国际DELPHI调查（n = 240）提供了参考，旨在就COS应包括哪些结果/结果方面达成共识。为了确定优先级并验证调查中出现的项目，参与者应在随后的共识日对这些项目的相对重要性进行排名（n = 23）。与这些共识日参加者进行了最终反馈，以确认结果和维度的选择。选择了“应对悲伤的能力”和“生活质量和精神健康”作为两个核心成果。还确定了评估这些结果时要探索的21个不同维度。与应对相关的维度分为：负面和压倒性的悲伤；沟通和联系；理解，接受和寻找悲伤中的意义；在悲伤与前进之间找到平衡；获得适当的支持。与生活质量和福祉有关的分类为：参加工作和/或定期活动；关系和社会功能；积极的心理健康和消极的心理和情绪状态。该COS概述了丧亲研究人员和从业者的更一致的前进方向，同时也面向丧葬护理的公共卫生和基于复原力的方法。计划进一步的工作来确定和制定针对该核心结果集的措施，这些措施将促进丧亲服务和干预措施的未来可比性。参加工作和/或定期活动；关系和社会功能；积极的心理健康和消极的心理和情绪状态。该COS概述了丧亲研究人员和从业者的更一致的前进方向，同时也面向丧葬护理的公共卫生和基于复原力的方法。计划进一步的工作来确定和制定针对该核心结果集的措施，这些措施将促进丧亲服务和干预措施的未来可比性。参加工作和/或定期活动；关系和社会功能；积极的心理健康和消极的心理和情绪状态。该COS概述了丧亲研究人员和从业者的更一致的前进方向，同时也面向丧葬护理的公共卫生和基于复原力的方法。计划进一步的工作来确定和制定针对该核心结果集的措施，这些措施将促进丧亲服务和干预措施的未来可比性。同时也要面向丧葬护理的公共卫生和基于复原力的方法。计划进一步的工作来确定和制定针对该核心结果集的措施，这些措施将促进丧亲服务和干预措施的未来可比性。同时也要面向丧葬护理的公共卫生和基于复原力的方法。计划进一步的工作来确定和制定针对该核心结果集的措施，这些措施将促进丧亲服务和干预措施的未来可比性。