Feel4Diabetes was a school and community based intervention aiming to promote healthy lifestyle and tackle obesity for the prevention of type 2 diabetes among families in 6 European countries. We conducted this literature review in order to guide the development of evidence-based implementation of the Feel4Diabetes intervention. We focused on type 2 diabetes prevention strategies, including all the phases from risk identification to implementation and maintenance. Special focus was given to prevention among vulnerable groups and people under 45 years. Scientific and grey literature published between January 2000 and January 2015 was searched for relevant studies using electronic databases. To present the literature review findings in a systematic way, we used the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework. A complementary literature search from February 2015 to December 2018 was also conducted. The initial review included 27 studies with a follow-up ≥12 months and 9 studies with a follow-up ≥6 months and with a participant mean age < 45 years. We found out that interventions should be targeted at people at risk to improve recruiting and intervention effectiveness. Screening questionnaires (primarily Finnish Diabetes Risk Score FINDRISC) and blood glucose measurement can both be used for screening; the method does not appear to affect intervention effectiveness. Screening and recruitment is time-consuming, especially when targeting lower socioeconomic status and age under 45 years. The intervention intensity is more important for effectiveness than the mode of delivery. Moderate changes in several lifestyle habits lead to good intervention results. A minimum of 3-year follow-up seemed to be required to show a reduction in diabetes risk in high-risk individuals. In participants < 45 years, the achieved results in outcomes were less pronounced. The complementary review included 12 studies, with similar results regarding intervention targets and delivery modes, as well as clinical significance. This narrative review highlighted several important aspects that subsequently guided the development of the Feel4Diabetes high-risk intervention. Research on diabetes prevention interventions targeted at younger adults or vulnerable population groups is still relatively scarce. Feel4Diabetes is a good example of a project aiming to fill this research gap. clinicaltrials.gov NCT02393872, registered 20th March 2015.

中文翻译：

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为开发预防2型糖尿病的Feel4Diabetes干预措施而获得的证据基础-叙述性文献综述

Feel4Diabetes是一项基于学校和社区的干预措施，旨在促进健康的生活方式和解决肥胖症，从而在6个欧洲国家的家庭中预防2型糖尿病。我们进行了这篇文献综述，以指导Feel4Diabetes干预措施的循证实施发展。我们专注于2型糖尿病的预防策略，包括从风险识别到实施和维护的所有阶段。特别关注45岁以下弱势群体和人群的预防。使用电子数据库检索了2000年1月至2015年1月之间出版的科学和灰色文献，以进行相关研究。为了系统地介绍文献综述的发现，我们使用了覆盖率，有效性，采用率，实施和维护（RE-AIM）框架。还对2015年2月至2018年12月的文献进行了补充检索。初步审查包括27项随访≥12个月的研究和9项随访≥6个月且参与者平均年龄<45岁的研究。我们发现，干预措施应针对有风险的人，以提高招募和干预效果。筛查问卷（主要是芬兰糖尿病风险评分FINDRISC）和血糖测量均可用于筛查。该方法似乎不影响干预效果。甄选和招聘非常耗时，尤其是针对较低的社会经济地位和年龄在45岁以下的人群。干预强度对有效性比分娩方式更为重要。几种生活方式的适度变化会导致良好的干预效果。为了降低高危人群的糖尿病风险，似乎至少需要进行3年的随访。在小于45岁的参与者中，取得的成果并不那么明显。补充评价包括12项研究，有关干预目标和分娩方式以及临床意义相似的结果。这篇叙述性评论强调了几个重要方面，这些方面随后指导了Feel4Diabetes高风险干预措施的发展。针对年轻人或脆弱人群的糖尿病预防干预措施的研究仍然相对匮乏。Feel4Diabetes是旨在填补这一研究空白的项目的一个很好的例子。Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02393872，2015年3月20日注册。为了降低高危人群的糖尿病风险，似乎至少需要进行3年的随访。在<45岁的参与者中，成果取得的成果不太明显。补充评价包括12项研究，有关干预目标和分娩方式以及临床意义相似的结果。这篇叙述性评论强调了几个重要方面，这些方面随后指导了Feel4Diabetes高风险干预措施的发展。针对年轻人或脆弱人群的糖尿病预防干预措施的研究仍然相对匮乏。Feel4Diabetes是旨在填补这一研究空白的项目的一个很好的例子。Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02393872，2015年3月20日注册。为了降低高危人群的糖尿病风险，似乎至少需要进行3年的随访。在<45岁的参与者中，成果取得的成果不太明显。补充评价包括12项研究，有关干预目标和分娩方式以及临床意义相似的结果。这篇叙述性评论强调了几个重要方面，这些方面随后指导了Feel4Diabetes高风险干预措施的发展。针对年轻人或脆弱人群的糖尿病预防干预措施的研究仍然相对匮乏。Feel4Diabetes是旨在填补这一研究空白的项目的一个很好的例子。Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02393872，2015年3月20日注册。