For over 40 years, physicists have considered possible uses for neutrino detectors in nuclear nonproliferation, arms control, and fissile materials security. Neutrinos are an attractive fission signature because they readily pass through matter. The same property makes neutrinos challenging to detect in systems that would be practical for nuclear security applications. This Colloquium presents a broad overview of several potential neutrino applications, including the near-field monitoring of known reactors, far-field monitoring of known or discovery of undeclared reactors, detection of reactor waste streams, and detection of nuclear explosions. Recent detector advances have made near-field monitoring feasible, whereas farther-field reactor detection and waste stream detection monitoring may be possible in some cases with further research and development. Very long-range reactor monitoring and nuclear explosion detection do not appear feasible for the foreseeable future due to considerable physical and/or practical constraints.

中文翻译：

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讨论会：中微子探测器作为核安保工具

40多年来，物理学家一直在考虑中微子探测器在核不扩散，军备控制和裂变材料安全方面的可能用途。中微子是一个有吸引力的裂变特征，因为它们很容易穿过物质。相同的性质使中微子难以在核安保应用中实用的系统中进行检测。该座谈会广泛概述了几种潜在的中微子应用，包括已知反应堆的近场监测，未申报反应堆的已知或发现的远场监测，反应堆废物流的检测以及核爆炸的检测。检测器的最新进展使近场监测变得可行，然而，在某些情况下，通过进一步的研究和开发，可以进行更远场的反应堆检测和废物流检测监控。由于可观的物理和/或实际限制，在可预见的将来，非常长距离的反应堆监测和核爆炸探测似乎不可行。