One side effect of human activity and global climatic change is more airborne dust. This not only has undesirable effects on human health and the environment, but may also adversely affect many agricultural processes, including herbicide efficacy. This is particularly relevant in parts of the world where dust storms are common and limited rainfall means dust persists on plants for protracted periods. Accordingly, a series of greenhouse dose–response pot experiments was carried out to quantify the effect of a dust concentration of 1,500 µg/m³ on the performance of paraquat, glyphosate, sulfosulfuron and 2,4‐D+MCPA. Dust‐treated and untreated seedlings of Hordeum spontaneum and Sinapis arvensis were sprayed with sulfosulfuron and 2,4‐D+MCPA, respectively, while paraquat and glyphosate were applied to both weed species. The efficacy of glyphosate and paraquat decreased significantly in the presence of dust on both species. Similar results were observed for 2,4‐D+MCPA on S. arvensis. In contrast, the efficacy of sulfosulfuron on H. spontaneum was not affected by dust. In the presence of dust, the doses of glyphosate, paraquat and 2,4‐D+MCPA required for a 90% effect were enhanced by a factor of 1.9 to 2.6. The negative impact on glyphosate efficacy was more pronounced in S. arvensis than H. spontaneum, while it was similar for paraquat. Future studies should consider the amount, duration and composition of dust as well as its impact on other weeds and herbicides. Potential approaches to overcome the detrimental influence of dust on the performance of herbicides were also suggested for future studies.

中文翻译：

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量化空气中粉尘对除草剂功效的不利影响

人类活动和全球气候变化的副作用之一是空气中的灰尘增多。这不仅对人类健康和环境产生不良影响，而且还可能对许多农业过程产生不利影响，包括除草剂功效。这在世界上沙尘暴很常见且降雨量有限的地区尤其重要，这意味着灰尘会长期存在于植物上。因此，进行了一系列温室剂量反应盆栽实验，以量化 1,500 µg/m³ 的粉尘浓度对百草枯、草甘膦、磺胺嘧啶和 2,4-D+MCPA 性能的影响。分别用磺嘧磺隆和 2,4-D+MCPA 喷洒经过粉尘处理的和未经处理的大麦和未经处理的幼苗，同时对这两种杂草喷洒百草枯和草甘膦。在灰尘存在的情况下，草甘膦和百草枯对这两个物种的效力显着降低。在 S. arvensis 上观察到 2,4-D+MCPA 的类似结果。相比之下，磺嘧磺隆对自发性嗜血杆菌的功效不受灰尘影响。在灰尘存在的情况下，达到 90% 效果所需的草甘膦、百草枯和 2,4-D+MCPA 的剂量增加了 1.9 到 2.6 倍。S. arvensis 对草甘膦功效的负面影响比 H. spontaneum 更明显，而百草枯的情况相似。未来的研究应考虑灰尘的数量、持续时间和成分以及它对其他杂草和除草剂的影响。还建议在未来的研究中采用可能的方法来克服灰尘对除草剂性能的不利影响。