Background

Avian influenza A viruses (AIVs) are among the most concerning emerging and re-emerging pathogens because of the potential risk in causing an influenza pandemic with catastrophic impact. The recent increase in domestic animals and poultry worldwide was followed by an increase of human AIV outbreaks reported.

Methods

We reviewed the epidemiology of human infections with AIV from the literature including reports from the World Health Organization, extracting information on virus subtype, time, location, age, sex, outcome and exposure.

Results

We described the characteristics of more than 2,500 laboratory-confirmed human infections with AIVs. Human infections with H5N1 and H7N9 were more frequently reported than other subtypes. The risk of death was highest among reported cases infected with H5N1, H5N6, H7N9 and H10N8 infections. Older people and males tended to have a lower risk of infection with most AIV subtypes, except for H7N9. Visiting live poultry markets were mostly reported by H7N9, H5N6 and H10N8 cases, while exposure to sick or dead bird mostly reported by H5N1, H7N2, H7N3, H7N4, H7N7 and H10N7 cases.

Discussion

Understanding the profile of human cases of different AIV subtypes would guide control strategy. Continued monitoring of human infections with AIVs is essential for pandemic preparedness.

中文翻译：

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人畜界面处的禽流感人类感染。

背景

禽流感A病毒（AIV）是引起人们关注的新兴和重新出现的病原体之一，因为它可能导致具有灾难性影响的流感大流行。最近全球范围内家畜和家禽数量增加，随后有人类AIV爆发的报道。

方法

我们从包括世界卫生组织报告在内的文献中回顾了人类感染AIV的流行病学，并提取了有关病毒亚型，时间，位置，年龄，性别，结局和暴露的信息。

结果

我们描述了超过2,500例实验室确认的人类感染AIV的特征。与其他亚型相比，人类感染H5N1和H7N9的报道更为频繁。在报告的感染H5N1，H5N6，H7N9和H10N8感染的病例中，死亡风险最高。除H7N9病毒外，大多数AIV亚型的老年人和男性感染风险较低。H7N9，H5N6和H10N8病例报告了访问活禽市场的情况，而H5N1，H7N2，H7N3，H7N4，H7N7和H10N7病例报告了接触病禽或死禽的情况。

讨论区

了解不同AIV亚型的人类病例概况将指导控制策略。持续监测人类感染AIV的感染对于大流行的防范至关重要。