Introduction

The salivary metabolome has been increasingly studied over the past ten years due to the potential of saliva as a non-invasive source of biomarkers. However, although saliva has been studied in relation to various diseases, its dynamic evolution during life is not known. This is particularly true for the first months of life. Infancy is indeed a critical period during which numerous behavioural and physiological events occur, such as dietary transitions and tooth eruption, which can lead to important biological modifications in the oral cavity.

Objectives

The aim of this work was therefore to study the evolution of the salivary metabolome during the first months of life by ¹H NMR.

Methods

Saliva of 32 infants with different milk feeding histories (breast vs formula) was collected at 6 stages, including 3 months old, 15 days before the onset of complementary feeding (CF), approximately 15 days after the onset of CF, approximately 21 days after the onset of CF and at approximately 11 and 15 months, and analysed.

Results

The longitudinal analysis showed a significant modification of the profiles of 18 metabolites over time; 14 presented an increase in abundance whereas 4 presented a decrease. These modifications seemed to be linked, for the most part, to an increase in oral microbial metabolism. Milk feeding history during the first months of life had no effect on metabolites.

Conclusion

This work shows that the salivary metabolome should be considered when studying the changes occurring during infancy.

中文翻译：

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出生后第一年母乳喂养和配方喂养婴儿唾液代谢组的纵向分析

介绍

由于唾液作为生物标志物的非侵入性来源的潜力，过去十年来对唾液代谢组的研究越来越多。然而，尽管已经研究了唾液与各种疾病的关系，但其在生命中的动态演变尚不清楚。对于生命的头几个月尤其如此。婴儿期确实是一个关键时期，在此期间，会发生许多行为和生理事件，例如饮食转变和牙齿萌出，这可能导致口腔发生重要的生物学改变。

目标

因此，这项工作的目的是通过¹ H NMR研究生命最初几个月唾液代谢组的演变。

方法

在6个阶段（包括3个月大），补充喂养（CF）发生前15天，CF发生后约15天，CF发生后约21天的6个阶段收集32例具有不同奶喂养历史（婴儿与配方奶）的婴儿的唾液在CF发病大约11个月和15个月时进行分析。

结果

纵向分析表明，随着时间的推移，18种代谢物的分布发生了显着变化。14个代表丰度增加，而4个代表减少。这些修饰在很大程度上似乎与口腔微生物代谢的增加有关。生命最初几个月的奶喂养史对代谢物没有影响。

结论

这项工作表明，研究婴儿期发生的变化时应考虑唾液代谢组。