The use of a 20-kHz probe-type sonicator irradiating downward in a 500 mL vessel was optimized for the enhancement of the sonochemical activity in terms of the geometric and operational factors. These factors included the probe immersion depth (the vertical position of the probe), input power, height of the liquid from the bottom, horizontal position of the probe, and thickness of bottom plate The sonochemical oxidation reactions were investigated both quantitatively and qualitatively using calorimetry, KI dosimetry, and luminol (Sonochemiluminescence, SCL) techniques. The sonochemical activity was very positively affected by the vertical boundaries. The highest sonochemical activity was obtained when the probe was placed close to the bottom of the vessel (immersion depth of 60 mm), with a high input power (input power of 75%), and optimal liquid height condition (liquid height of 70 mm). The SCL image analysis showed that the cavitational activity zone gradually expanded around the probe body and changed into a circular shape as the experimental conditions were optimized, and consequently the sonochemical activity increased. The formation of a large bright circular-shaped activity zone could be attributed to the strong reflections of the ultrasound firstly, at the vessel bottom and secondly, at the liquid surface. On the other hand, the cavitational activity zone and the sonochemical activity were negatively affected by the horizontal boundaries when the probe was placed close to the side wall of the vessel. In addition, it was found that the sonochemical activity was also significantly affected by the thickness of the support plate owing to the reflection and transmission of the ultrasound at the boundary between the liquid and the solid media.

中文翻译：

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几何和操作优化，用于增强声化学活性的20 kHz探针型电抗器。

在几何和操作因素方面，优化了在500 mL容器中向下照射的20 kHz探头型超声仪的使用，以增强声化学活性。这些因素包括探头的浸入深度（探头的垂直位置），输入功率，液体从底部的高度，探头的水平位置以及底板的厚度。使用量热法对声化学氧化反应进行了定量和定性研究，KI剂量测定和鲁米诺（Sonochemiluminescence，SCL）技术。声化学活性受到垂直边界的非常积极的影响。当探头靠近容器底部放置时（浸入深度为60 mm），输入功率较高（输入功率为75％）时，可获得最高的声化学活性。最佳液体高度条件（液体高度为70毫米）。SCL图像分析表明，随着实验条件的优化，空化活性区逐渐围绕探针体扩展并变为圆形，从而使声化学活性增加。大的明亮的圆形活动区的形成可以归因于超声的强烈反射，首先是在容器底部，其次是在液体表面。另一方面，当将探针放置在靠近血管侧壁的位置时，空化活性区和声化学活性受到水平边界的不利影响。此外，