Particles are today the main tool to study superfluid turbulence and visualize quantum vortices. In this Rapid Communication, we study the dynamics and the spatial distribution of particles in coflow and counterflow superfluid helium turbulence in the framework of the two-fluid Hall-Vinen-Bekarevich-Khalatnikov (HVBK) model. We perform three-dimensional numerical simulations of the HVBK equations along with the particle dynamics that depends on the motion of both fluid components. We find that, at low temperatures, where the superfluid mass fraction dominates, particles strongly cluster in vortex filaments regardless of their physical properties. At higher temperatures, as viscous drag becomes important and the two components become tightly coupled, the clustering dynamics in the coflowing case approach those found in classical turbulence, while under strong counterflow, the particle distribution is dominated by the quasi-two-dimensionalization of the flow.

中文翻译：

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顺流和逆流量子湍流中颗粒的不均匀分布

如今，粒子是研究超流体湍流和可视化量子涡旋的主要工具。在此快速通信中，我们在双流体Hall-Vinen-Bekarevich-Khalatnikov（HVBK）模型的框架内研究了顺流和逆流超流氦湍流中颗粒的动力学和空间分布。我们执行HVBK方程的三维数值模拟，以及取决于两个流体成分运动的粒子动力学。我们发现，在低温下，超流体质量分数占主导地位，无论其物理性质如何，颗粒都强烈聚集在涡旋丝中。在较高的温度下，由于粘性阻力变得很重要，并且两个分量紧密耦合，在同流情况下的聚类动力学接近经典湍流中发现的那些，