Exosomes as a Source of Cancer Biomarkers: Advances in Electrochemical Biosensing of Exosomes,ChemElectroChem

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Exosomes as a Source of Cancer Biomarkers: Advances in Electrochemical Biosensing of Exosomes
ChemElectroChem ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-10 , DOI: 10.1002/celc.202000075
Lenka Lorencova ₁ , Tomas Bertok ₁ , Aniko Bertokova ₁ , Veronika Gajdosova ₁ , Stefania Hroncekova ₁ , Alica Vikartovska ₁ , Peter Kasak ₂ , Jan Tkac ₁

Affiliation

Exosomes are naturally produced biological nanoparticles secreted by cells into body fluids and responsible for intercellular communication. Exosomes can also carry cargo affecting neighbouring cells and forming pre‐metastatic niches. Hence, exosomes are behind localised tumour development, progression, but also the induction of distant tumours forming metastasis. A substantially higher cellular activity of tumour cells results in the production of a greater number of exosomes than in normal, healthy cells. Therefore, the number of exosomes present in body fluids can serve as a good diagnostic biomarker in itself, besides the presence of other tumour biomarkers, which can be substantially enriched in exosomes compared to parental cells. This review comprehensively summarises the development of electrochemical biosensors for the detection of exosome levels, exosome‐derived cancer biomarkers in cell lines and serum samples for the better diagnosis of various cancer types. The review provides information on the design and analytical parameters of such biosensors. The clinical utility of the level of exosomes or exosome‐derived biomarkers is also provided.

中文翻译：

外来体作为癌症生物标志物的来源：外来体的电化学生物传感研究进展。

外来体是细胞分泌到体液中并负责细胞间通讯的天然产生的生物纳米颗粒。外来体还可以携带货物，影响邻近细胞并形成转移前的生态位。因此，外来体落后于局部肿瘤的发生，发展，但也诱导远处肿瘤形成转移。与正常的健康细胞相比，肿瘤细胞明显更高的细胞活性导致产生更多的外来体。因此，体液中存在的外泌体的数量本身可以用作良好的诊断生物标志物，此外还存在其他肿瘤生物标志物，与亲代细胞相比，这些肿瘤生物标志物可以在外泌体中大量富集。这篇综述全面总结了用于检测外泌体水平，细胞系中外泌体来源的癌症生物标志物和血清样品以更好地诊断各种癌症的电化学生物传感器的发展。该评论提供了有关此类生物传感器的设计和分析参数的信息。还提供了外泌体或外泌体衍生生物标志物水平的临床实用性。

更新日期：2020-03-10

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