Epigenetic regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation: From development to demyelinating disorders.,Glia

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Epigenetic regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation: From development to demyelinating disorders.
Glia ( IF 5.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-10 , DOI: 10.1002/glia.23820
Samudyata ₁ , Gonçalo Castelo-Branco _{1,

2} , Jia Liu ₃

Affiliation

The maintenance of progenitor states or the differentiation of progenitors into specific lineages requires epigenetic remodeling of the gene expression program. In the central nervous system, oligodendrocyte progenitors (OPCs) give rise to oligodendrocytes (OLs), whose main function has been thought to be to produce myelin, a lipid‐rich structure insulating the axons. However, recent findings suggest diverse OL transcriptional states, which might imply additional functions. The differentiation of OPCs into postmitotic OLs is a highly regulated and sensitive process and requires temporal waves of gene expression through epigenetic remodeling of the genome. In this review, we will discuss recent advances in understanding the events shaping the chromatin landscape through histone modifications and long noncoding RNAs during OPC differentiation, in physiological and pathological conditions. We suggest that epigenetic regulation plays a fundamental role in governing the accessibility of transcriptional machinery to DNA sequences, which ultimately determines functional outcomes in OLs.

中文翻译：

少突胶质细胞分化的表观遗传调控：从发育到脱髓鞘疾病。

祖细胞状态的维持或祖细胞分化为特定谱系需要基因表达程序的表观遗传重塑。在中枢神经系统中，少突胶质细胞祖细胞 (OPCs) 产生少突胶质细胞 (OLs)，其主要功能被认为是产生髓鞘，这是一种隔离轴突的富含脂质的结构。然而，最近的发现表明不同的 OL 转录状态，这可能意味着额外的功能。OPCs 向有丝分裂后 OLs 的分化是一个高度调节和敏感的过程，需要通过基因组的表观遗传重构来实现基因表达的时间波。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论在理解 OPC 分化过程中通过组蛋白修饰和长非编码 RNA 塑造染色质景观的事件方面的最新进展，在生理和病理条件下。我们认为表观遗传调控在控制转录机制对 DNA 序列的可及性方面发挥着重要作用，这最终决定了 OL 的功能结果。

更新日期：2020-03-10

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