Recycling lithium-ion batteries: adding value with multiple lives,Green Chemistry

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Recycling lithium-ion batteries: adding value with multiple lives
Green Chemistry ( IF 9.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-10 , DOI: 10.1039/d0gc00269k
Jimmy Wu _{1,

2,

3,

4} , Andrew Mackenzie _{4,

5,

6} , Neeraj Sharma _{1,

2,

3,

4}

Affiliation

Resource extraction and limitations, valuable elements/minerals loss to land-fill, lack of recycling are growing concerns with increasing lithium-ion battery uptake and the synthesis of new cathodes (and more widely completely new materials for each battery). Factors such as these are exasperated in lithium-ion batteries which are currently one of the most expensive batteries to purchase and arguably are one of the most difficult to recycle efficiently. Herein, a mixed metal compound from the separation and processing of spent commercial batteries is compositionally, structurally, and electrochemically characterised as-received and sintered at temperatures up to 1000 °C. Whilst structural characterisation shows the significant presence of typical commercial layered cathode materials and their constituent elements via elemental analysis, this work shows that, without any further modifications to the as-received material, it is capable of delivering reversible capacities of over 300 mA h g⁻¹ at 30 mA g⁻¹ after 100 cycles as an anode in a “second-use” or “second-life” lithium-ion battery. Furthermore, the “second-life” lithium-ion battery has an increased intrinsic elemental value due to higher than normal concentrations of valuable metals (both in the fresh cathode and second-life anode) which can be extracted in future. This can be considered as an alternative approach to lithium-ion battery recycling.

中文翻译：

回收锂离子电池：多寿命增值

资源提取和局限性，掩埋物的有价值的元素/矿物质损失，缺乏回收利用，与锂离子电池摄入量的增加和新阴极的合成（以及每个电池所使用的更广泛的新材料）的日益增长有关。诸如此类的因素在锂离子电池中激怒了，锂离子电池目前是最昂贵的电池购买之一，并且可以说是最难有效回收的电池之一。这里，来自废旧商业电池的分离和加工的混合金属化合物在接收，烧结和高达1000℃的温度下按组成，结构和电化学特征进行表征。虽然结构表征显示典型的商用的层状阴极材料和它们的构成元素的存在显著经由元素分析表明，在不对原样材料进行任何进一步修改的情况下，该材料能够在100个循环中作为“第二个阳极”中的阳极，在30 mA g ^-1下提供300 mA hg ^-1以上的可逆容量。使用”或“第二寿命”锂离子电池。此外，“第二寿命”锂离子电池具有更高的固有元素值，这是由于将来可以提取的有价金属（新鲜阴极和第二寿命阳极中）的浓度均高于正常浓度。这可以视为锂离子电池回收的替代方法。

更新日期：2020-04-24

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