A thermodynamically stable quasi-liquid interface for dendrite-free sodium metal anodes,Journal of Materials Chemistry A

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A thermodynamically stable quasi-liquid interface for dendrite-free sodium metal anodes
Journal of Materials Chemistry A ( IF 10.7 ) Pub Date : 2020/03/09 , DOI: 10.1039/d0ta02016h
Qi Zhang _{1,

2,

3,

4,

5} , Min Hu _{1,

2,

3,

4,

5} , Jia He _{1,

2,

3,

4,

5} , Xizheng Liu _{1,

2,

3,

4,

5} , Guang He _{1,

2,

3,

4,

5} , Yi Ding _{1,

2,

3,

4,

5}

Affiliation

Dendrite-associated cell degradation is a key challenge to the practical application of sodium metal anodes. Here, we present that incorporation of a tiny amount of mercury into sodium generates a unique quasi-liquid interface that affords long-term cycling stability. This amalgam layer allows fast electron transfer and sodium migration at the electrolyte–electrode interphase, which significantly promote the cycling performance over 5000 h with a practically desired capacity of 2 mA h cm⁻² and a current density of 8 mA cm⁻². In situ optical microscopy analyses confirm that dendrite nucleation and growth can be remarkably suppressed with the amalgam-protected anodes. Prototype full cells also demonstrate a much improved rate and long-term cycling stability. These promising results provide new perspectives on the regulation of sodium electrodeposition by introducing low-melting metals and hence the elimination of the dendritic morphology for the practical development of sodium metal batteries.

中文翻译：

用于无枝晶钠金属阳极的热力学稳定的准液体界面

与枝晶相关的电池降解是钠金属阳极实际应用的关键挑战。在这里，我们提出将少量汞掺入钠中会产生独特的准液体界面，从而提供长期的循环稳定性。该汞齐层可在电解质-电极间相处实现快速的电子转移和钠迁移，从而在实际所需的2 mA h cm ^-2的容量和8 mA cm ^-2的电流密度下，显着提高了5000 h的循环性能。原位光学显微镜分析证实，用汞齐保护的阳极可显着抑制枝晶形核和生长。全细胞原型也显示出大大提高的速率和长期循环稳定性。这些有前途的结果为通过引入低熔点金属调节钠电沉积提供了新的观点，从而消除了钠金属电池实际开发中的树枝状形态。

更新日期：2020-04-08

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