In this paper, water-dispersible and covalently bonded polyaniline-carbon nanostructures, including polyaniline-reduced graphene oxide (PANI-rGO), polyaniline-single-walled carbon nanotubes (PANI-SWCNTs), and polyaniline-reduced graphene oxide/single-walled carbon nanotube (PANI-rGO/SWCNTs) nanocomposites, were synthesized by grafting PANI onto p -phenylenediamine (PPD)-functionalized graphene oxide (GO) or single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) using polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) as a macromolecular dopant agent. The structures and morphologies of the PANI, PANI-rGO, PANI-SWCNTs, and PANI-rGO/SWCNTs nanocomposites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The cyclic voltammetry and UV–vis spectra were performed on an electrochemical workstation and a UV–vis spectrometer, respectively. The results show that the electrochromic and electrochemical properties of nanocomposites can benefit from the high conductivity of SWCNTs and the abundant active sites of rGO. When SWCNTs and rGO work together, their respective shortcomings are overcome, allowing the nanocomposite to exhibit the best electrochemical and electrochromic properties. The optical contrast increased from 0.38 for PANI to 0.52 for PANI-rGO/SWCNTs. The coloring and bleaching times decreased from 2.59 s and 2.39 s, respectively, for PANI to 1.33 and 0.78 s, respectively, for PANI-rGO/SWCNTs. The charge transfer resistance ( R ct ) decreased from 135 Ω for PANI to 30 Ω for PANI-rGO/SWCNTs. The synergistic effect of PANI, rGO, and SWCNTs can significantly improve the electrochromic ability of PANI. Electrochromic properties of covalently bonded polyaniline-reduced graphene oxide/single walled carbon nanotubes nanocomposites. A high performance electrochromic material was prepared using polyaniline (PANI) and two different dimensional carbon nanostructures, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as the components. The covalent bond was introduced to interface between PANI and two carbon nanostructures to form a three-dimensional conductive network. Owing to the high electron conduction through directly connected covalent bond and loose molecular chain aggregation brought by two various dimensional carbon nanostructure, PANI-rGO/SWCNTs nanocomposites exhibit superior electrochemical and electrochromic properties (high optical contrast and short switching time) compared with PANI.

中文翻译：

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共价键合聚苯胺还原氧化石墨烯/单壁碳纳米管纳米复合材料：各种尺寸的碳纳米结构对PANI电致变色行为的影响

在本文中，水分散性和共价键合的聚苯胺-碳纳米结构，包括聚苯胺还原氧化石墨烯 (PANI-rGO)、聚苯胺单壁碳纳米管 (PANI-SWCNTs) 和聚苯胺还原氧化石墨烯/单壁碳纳米管 (PANI-rGO/SWCNTs) 纳米复合材料是通过将 PANI 接枝到对苯二胺 (PPD) 官能化氧化石墨烯 (GO) 或使用聚苯乙烯磺酸盐 (PSS) 作为大分子掺杂剂的单壁碳纳米管 (SWCNTs) 上合成的. PANI、PANI-rGO、PANI-SWCNTs 和PANI-rGO/SWCNTs 纳米复合材料的结构和形态通过傅里叶变换红外光谱和扫描电子显微镜进行表征。循环伏安法和紫外-可见光谱分别在电化学工作站和紫外-可见光谱仪上进行。结果表明，纳米复合材料的电致变色和电化学性能可以受益于 SWCNT 的高电导率和 rGO 的丰富活性位点。当 SWCNTs 和 rGO 一起工作时，它们各自的缺点被克服，使纳米复合材料表现出最好的电化学和电致变色性能。光学对比度从 PANI 的 0.38 增加到 PANI-rGO/SWCNT 的 0.52。着色和漂白时间分别从 PANI 的 2.59 s 和 2.39 s 减少到 PANI-rGO/SWCNT 的 1.33 和 0.78 s。电荷转移电阻 (R ct ) 从 PANI 的 135 Ω 降低到 PANI-rGO/SWCNT 的 30 Ω。PANI、rGO和SWCNTs的协同作用可以显着提高PANI的电致变色能力。共价键合聚苯胺还原氧化石墨烯/单壁碳纳米管纳米复合材料的电致变色性能。以聚苯胺（PANI）和二维碳纳米结构单壁碳纳米管（SWCNTs）和还原氧化石墨烯（rGO）为组分制备了一种高性能电致变色材料。共价键被引入到 PANI 和两个碳纳米结构之间的界面，以形成三维导电网络。由于两个不同维度的碳纳米结构通过直接连接的共价键和松散的分子链聚集带来的高电子传导，与PANI相比，PANI-rGO/SWCNTs纳米复合材料表现出优异的电化学和电致变色性能（高光学对比度和短切换时间）。