One-dimensional inorganic high-k nanowires (NWs) show a potential of achieving high energy densities in polymer-matrix nanocomposite capacitors. In this study, we investigate a hydrothermal synthesis of BT NWs, by which BT NWs with high aspect ratios of pure phase, [110]-oriented structures were obtained. The BT NWs are filled in a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) matrix to prepare nanocomposites and their dielectric and energy storage properties are investigated. An enhanced dielectric constant of εr ~ 58 at 100 Hz is achieved in PVDF–BaTiO3 NWs (30 vol%), while the value is 47 for a traditional composite filled with BT nanoparticles (NPs). Besides, high breakdown strength of Eb > 362 MV/m is also achieved in the composites. PVDF–BaTiO3 NWs nanocomposite exhibits a high discharged energy density of Ud ~ 12.85 J/cm3 at 300 MV/m at 100 Hz with a discharge efficiency of 58%. The simulation from the finite element analysis on distributions of voltage and electric displacement is studied and showed the consistency with experimental results. This study demonstrates a facile and large-scale route to the synthesis of BaTiO3 NWs for making high εr, Eb and Ud nanocomposite capacitors.

中文翻译：

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用于高能量密度纳米复合电容器的 BaTiO3 纳米线的水热合成

一维无机高 k 纳米线 (NW) 显示出在聚合物基质纳米复合电容器中实现高能量密度的潜力。在这项研究中，我们研究了 BT 纳米线的水热合成，通过该方法获得了具有高长宽比的纯相、[110] 取向结构的 BT 纳米线。将 BT 纳米线填充在聚偏二氟乙烯 (PVDF) 基质中以制备纳米复合材料，并研究了它们的介电和储能性能。PVDF-BaTiO3 NWs (30 vol%) 在 100 Hz 下实现了 εr ~ 58 的增强介电常数，而填充有 BT 纳米粒子 (NPs) 的传统复合材料的介电常数值为 47。此外，复合材料还实现了 Eb > 362 MV/m 的高击穿强度。PVDF-BaTiO3 NWs 纳米复合材料具有 Ud ~ 12 的高放电能量密度。85 J/cm3，300 MV/m，100 Hz，放电效率为 58%。对电压和电位移分布的有限元分析进行了仿真研究，结果与实验结果一致。该研究展示了合成 BaTiO3 NW 以制备高 εr、Eb 和 Ud 纳米复合电容器的简便且大规模的途径。