The Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands are home to 1823 endemic taxa of vascular plants (nearly a quarter of total flora), half of which are narrowly distributed. Here, we explore the ecological traits related to endemism and rarity, and identify the variables other than range size associated with the conservation status. As found in other studies, narrow endemics seem to be prevalently adapted to stressful habitats in which aboveground competition is relatively low. In ecological terms, the greatest richness is found in mid-altitude calcareous rocky habitats, and secondarily in open Mediterranean shrubby formations. Coastal, steppic and alpine habitats contribute to endemism in specific regions and the species that inhabit them tend to have small ranges. A large percentage of narrow endemics (19%) grow on special substrates, underlying the importance of edaphic islands as drivers of spatial isolation. More productive habitats such as grasslands, wetlands and forests are negatively associated with endemism, and endemics occurring therein tend to be widely distributed. A total of 454 endemic taxa (25% of total endemics) are regarded as threatened, most of which belong to species-rich lineages. Certain ecological settings appear to be more likely to contain threatened species than others, wet lowlands, coastal habitats and steppic scrub being the most significant in decreasing order. Paradoxically, the areas of occupancy of the species occurring therein are relatively less protected. On the contrary, a large proportion of montane and alpine habitats are protected and many endemics found there are regarded as non-threatened at present. Nevertheless, some centers of endemism located at high elevations are at risk due to global warming.

伊比利亚半岛和巴利阿里群岛是1823年维管植物特有生物类群的所在地（近总植物群的四分之一），其中一半分布狭窄。在这里，我们探索与地方性和稀有性相关的生态特征，并确定与保护状况相关的除范围大小以外的变量。正如在其他研究中发现的那样，窄地方病似乎普遍适用于地上竞争相对较低的压力生境。从生态学的角度来看，最大的丰富度是在中海拔钙质岩石生境中，其次是在地中海开放的灌木状地层中。沿海，草原和高山生境在特定区域内是地方病的根源，居住在这些地区的物种范围较小。很大一部分狭窄的地方病（19％）在特殊的基质上生长，深刻说明了埃达弗斯群岛作为空间隔离驱动因素的重要性。草原，湿地和森林等生产力较高的生境与地方特有性负相关，并且其中普遍流行。共有454种地方性生物分类（占地方性总流行的25％），其中大多数属于物种丰富的谱系。某些生态环境似乎比其他生态环境更可能包含受威胁物种，湿地低地，沿海生境和草原灌木丛以降序排列最为重要。矛盾的是，其中物种的占有区域受到的保护相对较少。相反，山地和高山生境的很大一部分受到了保护，目前发现那里的许多地方病都被认为没有受到威胁。不过，