Abstract The southeastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo locally hosts Proterozoic manganese deposits. The deposits of Kisenge-Kamata are the most significant, but manganese ores are also known to occur at Kasekelesa (former Katanga Province) and Mwene-Ditu (former Kasai Province). For the present study, cryptomelane-rich samples from these two localities were dated, using the 40Ar/39Ar step-heating method with a CO2 laser probe. The ages obtained are within a range of c. 77 Myr to c. 2 Myr. Cryptomelane formation took place at c. 76.4 Ma, c. 59.6 Ma, c. 45 Ma, c. 35 Ma, c. 23.8 Ma, c. 15.4 Ma, and c. 13.3 Ma at Kasekelesa, and it occurred at c. 35 Ma, c. 22.4 Ma, c. 15 Ma, c. 5.5–7.2 Ma, c. 3.6 Ma, and c. 2.1–2.3 Ma at Mwene-Ditu. The Campanian age (c. 76.4 Ma) recorded at Kasekelesa is the oldest 40Ar/39Ar age that has up to now been recorded for Mn ores from Africa. It documents the formation of oxidized ore along a Campanian or older erosion surface, which could be part of the ‘African Erosion Surface’. The complete age record suggests that continent-wide tectonics accounts for most of the recognized supergene ore formation episodes, controlled by vertical lithospheric movements that are ultimately responsible for alternating stages of landscape stability and erosion. Tectonics is thus regarded as the first-order control for secondary ore formation in Central Africa, over the last 80 Myr. Climate is a second-order control, because sufficient water supply is needed for supergene enrichment, whereby climatic conditions are recognized to have been favourable during some relatively cold Late Mesozoic and Paleogene periods, as well as during some humid and warm Neogene stages.

中文翻译：

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表生锰矿记录了 75 Myr-long Campanian 至更新世中非大湖区的地球动力学演化和​​风化历史——构造驱动、气候辅助

摘要 刚果民主共和国东南部当地有元古界锰矿床。Kisenge-Kamata 矿床是最重要的，但已知锰矿也产于 Kasekelesa（前加丹加省）和 Mwene-Ditu（前开赛省）。在本研究中，使用 CO2 激光探针的 40Ar/39Ar 步进加热方法对来自这两个地区的富含锂锰矿的样品进行了测年。获得的年龄在 c 的范围内。77 密尔到 c。2 密尔 Cryptomelane 的形成发生在 c。76.4 马，c。59.6 马，c。45 马，c。35 马，c。23.8 毫安，c。15.4 毫安和 c。13.3 Ma 在 Kasekelesa，它发生在 c。35 马，c。22.4 马，c。15 马，c。5.5–7.2 Ma，c。3.6 Ma，c。2.1–2.3 Ma 在 Mwene-Ditu。坎帕尼亚时代 (c. 76. Kasekelesa 记录的 4 Ma) 是迄今为止非洲锰矿记录的最古老的 40Ar/39Ar 年龄。它记录了沿着坎帕尼亚或更古老的侵蚀面形成氧化矿石，这可能是“非洲侵蚀面”的一部分。完整的年龄记录表明，大部分公认的表生成矿事件是由大陆构造造成的，由垂直岩石圈运动控制，最终导致景观稳定性和侵蚀的交替阶段。因此，在过去的 80 Myr 中，构造被视为中非次生矿形成的一级控制。气候是二级控制，因为表生富集需要充足的水供应，