Abstract The development of underground spaces serves a range of common urban functions, including workspaces. However, underground workplaces, work-related factors and the indoor environmental quality (IEQ) parameters within them may negatively affect worker's mental health. This study assessed the prevalence of psychological distress with repeated measures over time in aboveground and underground workspaces, and assessed the association between perceived IEQ parameters and work-related factors with psychological distress. A total of 329 workers in similar aboveground and underground workspaces were followed-up in three assessments over 12 months in Singapore. Psychological distress was assessed using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and defined as a GHQ-12 score ≥2. Perceived IEQ (air quality, temperature, noise, light) in the workplace were collected using the OFFICAIR questionnaire. We used generalised estimating equation models to assess the association between working underground, perceived IEQ, and work-related factors with psychological distress. The overall prevalence of psychological distress was 21.9%, 26.1% and 21.9%, at baseline, 3- and 12-months follow-up, respectively. The fully-adjusted multivariable analysis did not show any association between working underground and psychological distress, however, perceived IEQ parameters and longer working hours were significantly associated with psychological distress. Regardless of working in under or aboveground workplaces, perceived IEQ was associated with psychological distress. Future studies are needed in order to examine the relationship between objective measures of IEQ and psychological distress and the impact of healthy building policies and improved IEQ on psychological distress.

中文翻译：

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心理困扰的流行及其与感知的室内环境质量和地下和地上工作场所的工作场所因素的关联

摘要 地下空间的开发服务于一系列常见的城市功能，包括工作空间。然而，地下工作场所、工作相关因素和其中的室内环境质量 (IEQ) 参数可能会对工人的心理健康产生负面影响。本研究通过在地上和地下工作空间随时间重复测量来评估心理困扰的普遍性，并评估感知的 IEQ 参数与工作相关因素与心理困扰之间的关联。在新加坡为期 12 个月的三项评估中，共有 329 名从事类似地上和地下工作空间的工人接受了随访。使用 12 项一般健康问卷 (GHQ-12) 评估心理困扰，并将其定义为 GHQ-12 评分≥2。感知 IEQ（空气质量、温度、噪音、light) 是使用 OFFICAIR 问卷收集的。我们使用广义估计方程模型来评估地下工作、感知的 IEQ 和工作相关因素与心理困扰之间的关联。在基线、3 个月和 12 个月的随访中，心理困扰的总体患病率分别为 21.9%、26.1% 和 21.9%。完全调整后的多变量分析并未显示地下工作与心理困扰之间存在任何关联，但是，感知 IEQ 参数和更长的工作时间与心理困扰显着相关。无论是在地下还是地上工作，感知到的 IEQ 都与心理困扰有关。