With the successful treatment of B-cell lymphomas using rituximab, a monoclonal antibody targeting CD20, novel immunotherapies have developed rapidly in recent years. Immune checkpoint blockade and chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cell therapy, which are antibody-based therapy and cell-based therapy, respectively, show promising efficacy and have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for treating hematological malignancies. However, considering severe side effects and short-term clinical remission, the combination of CAR-T cell therapy and programmed cell-death protein-1 (PD-1) blockade has been applied to enhance therapeutic efficacy in preclinical models and clinical trials. Herein, we review the mechanism of the two therapies, show their toxicities and clinical use respectively, address their combined application, and discuss the scope of further investigations of this mechanism-based combination therapy.

中文翻译：

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CAR-T细胞疗法，PD-1阻断剂及其组合在血液系统恶性肿瘤治疗中的应用。

随着使用利妥昔单抗（一种靶向CD20的单克隆抗体）成功治疗B细胞淋巴瘤，近年来，新型免疫疗法迅速发展。免疫检查站封锁和嵌合抗原受体-T（CAR-T）细胞疗法分别是基于抗体的疗法和基于细胞的疗法，它们显示出有希望的功效，并已获得食品药品监督管理局的批准用于治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤。但是，考虑到严重的副作用和短期的临床缓解，CAR-T细胞疗法和程序性细胞死亡蛋白1（PD-1）阻断剂的组合已被用于增强临床前模型和临床试验的治疗效果。在这里，我们回顾了这两种疗法的机理，分别显示了它们的毒性和临床用途，讨论了它们的联合应用，