Abstract As cities seek to become more livable and environment-friendly, activities like bicycling, walking, and urban gardening (household and community-gardening) are receiving much attention. However, few field studies have measured well-being of urban gardening, particularly during household gardening. Our study develops protocols to measure emotional well-being (EWB) reported during household gardening, comparing it with other leisure and day-to-day activities. We also explore how gardening EWB varies across gardener type (vegetable vs ornamental), demographics, neighborhood type, and companionship during gardening. Using a recently developed app-based Day Reconstruction Method, EWB was measured across 370 participants in the Minneapolis-St. Paul Area, USA, wherein 118 (32%) reported engaging in household gardening. Innovatively, five measures of EWB were computed for each participant for each activity type: average net affect, average happiness, average meaningfulness, the frequency of experiencing peak positive emotions (happiness and meaningfulness). Among all three average EWB measures, gardening is among the top 5 out of 15 activities assessed, and, is not statistically different from biking, walking and eating out. All four of these activities fall behind other leisure/recreation activities, which ranks first. For frequency of experiencing peak happiness, only other leisure/recreation activities were statistically higher than all the remaining (14) activities. Average net affect of gardening was significantly higher for vegetable gardeners (vs ornamental), for low-income gardeners (vs higher income) and for women. Companionship while gardening at home, race/ethnicity and urban versus suburban location showed no significant difference. Livability and equity considerations based on these EWB findings, and their impacts on urban food plans, are discussed.

中文翻译：

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园艺与城市居民的幸福感有关吗？美国双城地区的多活动动态评估

摘要 随着城市寻求变得更加宜居和环境友好，骑自行车、步行和城市园艺（家庭和社区园艺）等活动受到越来越多的关注。然而，很少有实地研究测量城市园艺的幸福感，特别是在家庭园艺期间。我们的研究制定了测量家庭园艺期间报告的情绪幸福感 (EWB) 的协议，并将其与其他休闲和日常活动进行比较。我们还探讨了园艺 EWB 如何因园丁类型（蔬菜与观赏植物）、人口统计、社区类型和园艺期间的陪伴而变化。使用最近开发的基于应用程序的 Day Reconstruction Method，在明尼阿波利斯 - 圣的 370 名参与者中测量了 EWB。美国圣保罗地区，其中 118 (32%) 人报告从事家庭园艺。创新地，为每个参与者计算每种活动类型的五种 EWB 度量：平均净影响、平均幸福感、平均意义、体验峰值积极情绪的频率（幸福和意义）。在所有三项平均 EWB 措施中，园艺是所评估的 15 项活动中的前 5 项，并且与骑自行车、步行和外出就餐没有统计学差异。所有这四种活动都落后于排名第一的其他休闲/娱乐活动。对于体验最高幸福的频率，只有其他休闲/娱乐活动在统计上高于所有剩余的 (14) 活动。对于蔬菜园丁（与观赏植物）、低收入园丁（与较高收入）和女性而言，园艺的平均净影响要高得多。在家园艺时的陪伴，种族/民族和城市与郊区位置没有显着差异。讨论了基于这些 EWB 调查结果的宜居性和公平性考虑，以及它们对城市食品计划的影响。