Gastroenterology ( IF 25.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-10 , DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.03.010 Crystal R Naudin 1 , Kristal Maner-Smith 2 , Joshua A Owens 1 , Grace M Wynn 1 , Brian S Robinson 3 , Jason D Matthews 3 , April R Reedy 3 , Liping Luo 1 , Alexandra A Wolfarth 3 , Trevor M Darby 1 , Eric A Ortlund 4 , Rheinallt M Jones 1
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Background & Aims
A Western-style diet, which is high in fat and sugar, can cause significant dyslipidemia and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; the diet has an especially strong effect in women, regardless of total calorie intake. Dietary supplementation with beneficial microbes might reduce the detrimental effects of a Western-style diet. We assessed the effects of Lactococcus lactis subspecies (subsp) cremoris on weight gain, liver fat, serum cholesterol, and insulin resistance in female mice on a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet.
Methods
Female C57BL/6 mice were fed either a high-fat, high-carbohydrate (Western-style) diet that contained 40% fat (mostly milk fat) and 43% carbohydrate (mostly sucrose) or a calorie-matched-per-gram control diet. The diets of mice were supplemented with 1 × 109 colony-forming units of L lactis subsp cremoris ATCC 19257 or Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ATCC 53103 (control bacteria) 3 times per week for 16 weeks. Body weights were measured, and fecal, blood, and liver tissues were collected and analyzed. Livers were analyzed for fat accumulation and inflammation, and blood samples were analyzed for cholesterol and glucose levels. Mice were housed within Comprehensive Lab Animal Monitoring System cages, and respiratory exchange ratio and activity were measured. Hepatic lipid profiles of L lactis subsp cremoris–supplemented mice were characterized by lipidomics mass spectrometry analysis.
Results
Mice fed L lactis subsp cremoris while on the Western-style diet gained less weight, developed less hepatic steatosis and inflammation, and had a lower mean serum level of cholesterol and body mass index than mice fed the control bacteria. Mice fed the L lactis subsp cremoris had increased glucose tolerance while on the Western-style diet compared to mice fed control bacteria and had alterations in hepatic lipids, including oxylipins.
Conclusions
Dietary supplementation with L lactis subsp cremoris in female mice on a high-fat, high-carbohydrate (Western-style) diet caused them to gain less weight, develop less liver fat and inflammation, reduce serum cholesterol levels, and increase glucose tolerance compared with mice on the same diet fed control bacteria. L lactis subsp cremoris is safe for oral ingestion and might be developed for persons with metabolic and liver disorders caused by a Western-style diet.
中文翻译：
乳酸乳球菌creemoris引起针对西式饮食引起的代谢变化的保护作用。
背景与目标
高脂肪和高糖的西式饮食可能会导致严重的血脂异常和非酒精性脂肪肝。不论总卡路里摄入量如何，饮食对女性都有特别强的作用。在饮食中添加有益微生物可能会减少西式饮食的有害影响。我们评估了高脂肪，高碳水化合物饮食对雌性小鼠乳酸乳球菌亚种（亚种）cremoris对体重增加，肝脂肪，血清胆固醇和胰岛素抵抗的影响。
方法
给雌性C57BL / 6小鼠喂食高脂肪，高碳水化合物（西式）饮食，其中饮食中含有40％的脂肪（主要是牛奶脂肪）和43％的碳水化合物（主要是蔗糖）或每克热量匹配的对照饮食。小鼠的饮食中补充1×10 9菌落形成单位乳酸乳球菌亚种乳脂ATCC 19257或鼠李糖乳杆菌GGATCC 53103（对照细菌）每周3次，共16周。测量体重，并收集和分析粪便，血液和肝组织。分析了肝脏的脂肪积累和炎症，并分析了血液样本中的胆固醇和葡萄糖水平。将小鼠饲养在综合实验室动物监测系统笼中，并测量呼吸交换率和活性。肝脂质谱乳酸乳球菌亚种乳脂-supplemented小鼠通过脂质组学质谱分析表征。
结果
与采用对照细菌的小鼠相比，采用西式饮食喂养L乳酸亚种的克雷莫里斯的小鼠体重减轻，肝脂肪变性和炎症的发生率更低，并且胆固醇和体重指数的平均血清水平较低。与喂食对照细菌的小鼠相比，喂食乳酸乳球菌亚种cremoris的小鼠具有更高的葡萄糖耐量，并且肝脂质（包括脂蛋白）的改变。
结论
与高脂，高碳水化合物（西式）饮食相比，在雌性小鼠中补充乳酸乳亚种的cremoris可以使它们增加体重，减少肝脏脂肪和炎症，降低血清胆固醇水平并增加葡萄糖耐量，从而减轻体重饮食相同的小鼠喂养对照细菌。L lactis subsp cremoris对于口服摄入是安全的，并且可能被开发用于由西式饮食引起的代谢和肝脏疾病的人。
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