This research suggests a three-stage model framework for the design of a microalgae-based biofuel supply chain to meet the goal of economic commercialization. First, the design stage decides the spatial layouts and dimensions of each scale of biorefineries and economic analyses are done to estimate the capital costs and operating costs for different design options. Using the spatial dimensions determined in the first stage, the second stage selects the candidate locations for the biorefineries using an geographic information system (GIS) based site evaluation. This stage screens the available land area for the biorefineries, and also reduces the computational burden of the latter stage. In the mathematical optimization stage, a mixed-integer linear programming optimization model is formulated to make multi-period strategic and tactical decisions of the supply chain under the total cost minimization objective. Since the formulated problem is computationally intensive, a two-stage decomposition solution strategy is proposed to solve the problem in a reasonable time. The model framework is demonstrated through a case study cast in Texas, U.S., with a time horizon of ten years, using the suggested decomposition method. As a result, the minimum fuel selling price (MFSP) of microalgae-based biodiesel is calculated as $10.92/gal_biodiesel, which is about three times higher than the current biodiesel price $3.51/gal_biodiesel. To reduce the cost, the strategies of biomass storage and maximum delivery are investigated to deal with the productivity fluctuation. In the scenario analysis, the underutilization of production capacities is alleviated resulting in reduced MFSP of $7.90/gal_biodiesel, $7.92/gal_biodiesel, and $7.43/gal_biodiesel respectively. Clearly, for economic feasibility, the production cost should be further reduced by developing more cost-efficient technologies and integrating high-value coproducts into the biorefinery portfolio.

这项研究提出了一个三阶段模型框架，用于设计基于微藻类的生物燃料供应链，以满足经济商业化的目标。首先，设计阶段决定生物精炼厂每个规模的空间布局和尺寸，并进行经济分析以估算不同设计方案的资本成本和运营成本。使用在第一阶段中确定的空间尺寸，第二阶段使用基于地理信息系统（GIS）的站点评估为生物炼油厂选择候选位置。此阶段筛选了生物精炼厂的可用土地面积，并且还减少了后期阶段的计算负担。在数学优化阶段，建立了混合整数线性规划优化模型，以在总成本最小化目标下做出供应链的多周期战略和战术决策。由于提出的问题是计算密集型问题，因此提出了两阶段分解求解策略以在合理的时间内解决该问题。通过使用建议的分解方法，在美国得克萨斯州进行了一个案例研究，该案例框架使用十年的时间进行了演示，从而证明了该模型框架。结果，微藻基生物柴油的最低燃料销售价格（MFSP）计算为$ 10.92 / gal 通过使用建议的分解方法，在美国得克萨斯州进行了一个案例研究，该案例框架使用十年的时间进行了演示，从而证明了该模型框架。结果，微藻基生物柴油的最低燃料销售价格（MFSP）计算为$ 10.92 / gal 通过使用建议的分解方法，在美国得克萨斯州进行了一个案例研究，该案例框架使用十年的时间进行了演示，从而证明了该模型框架。结果，微藻基生物柴油的最低燃料销售价格（MFSP）计算为$ 10.92 / gal_生物柴油，这大约比目前的生物柴油价格$ 3.51的/加仑高出三倍_{的生物柴油}。为了降低成本，研究了生物量存储和最大输送量的策略以应对生产率波动。在情景分析中，生产能力的利用不足得到缓解，MFSP分别降低了7.90美元/加仑_生物柴油，7.92美元/加仑_生物柴油和7.43美元/加仑_生物柴油。显然，出于经济可行性，应通过开发更具成本效益的技术并将高价值的副产品整合到生物炼油产品组合中来进一步降低生产成本。