Abstract The technological barriers against energy transport includes low energy density, intermittent supply and immobility of the energy sources. A potential and sustainable solution to overcome these barriers is to use an effective and efficient energy carrier which can store, transport and distribute energy in a technically feasible manner. Therefore, this study presents five potential energy carriers for overseas energy transport; liquifed natural gas (LNG), dimethyl ether (DME), liquid ammonia, methanol and liquid hydrogen which are used to carry the energy of natural gas in liquefied form from a supplied region to a demanded region. During the supply chain of the energy carriers, the amount of boil-off gas (BOG) for each energy carrier is calculated. A sensitivity analysis affecting BOG rates is implemented under variety of parameters, namely; ambient temperature, storage pressure, land storage time, ocean transportation time, heel percentage and pumping time. This study shows that the daily BOG rates for LNG, DME, ammonia, methanol, and hydrogen are calculated as 0.471%, 0.159%, 0.129%, 0.049%, and 3.438%, respectively. Methanol delivers the greatest mass, DME delivers the greatest energy and hydrogen loses the greatest mass as BOG during the supply chain. The highest BOG generation mainly occurs during ocean transportation phase, implying that ocean transportation time is the most critical parameter among the studied parameters.

中文翻译：

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研究各种能源载体在替代和可持续的海外能源运输场景中的技术可行性

摘要 能源运输的技术障碍包括能量密度低、供应间歇性和能源不流动。克服这些障碍的一个潜在和可持续的解决方案是使用有效和高效的能源载体，以技术上可行的方式储存、运输和分配能源。因此，本研究提出了海外能源运输的五种潜在能源载体；液化天然气 (LNG)、二甲醚 (DME)、液氨、甲醇和液氢，用于将液化形式的天然气能量从供应地区输送到需求地区。在能量载体的供应链中，计算每个能量载体的蒸发气体 (BOG) 量。在各种参数下实施影响 BOG 率的敏感性分析，即；环境温度、储存压力、陆上储存时间、海洋运输时间、鞋跟百分比和抽水时间。该研究表明，LNG、DME、氨、甲醇和氢气的每日 BOG 率分别计算为 0.471%、0.159%、0.129%、0.049% 和 3.438%。在供应链中，甲醇提供的质量最大，DME 提供的能量最大，氢气作为 BOG 损失的质量最大。最高的 BOG 生成主要发生在海洋运输阶段，这意味着海洋运输时间是研究参数中最关键的参数。分别为 0.049% 和 3.438%。在供应链中，甲醇提供的质量最大，DME 提供的能量最大，氢气作为 BOG 损失的质量最大。最高的 BOG 生成主要发生在海洋运输阶段，这意味着海洋运输时间是研究参数中最关键的参数。分别为 0.049% 和 3.438%。在供应链中，甲醇提供的质量最大，DME 提供的能量最大，氢气作为 BOG 损失的质量最大。最高的 BOG 生成主要发生在海洋运输阶段，这意味着海洋运输时间是研究参数中最关键的参数。