The design, fabrication, and implementation of novel flexible sensors for electrochemical detection of multiple minerals such as calcium and magnesium in water bodies are presented in this paper. 3D printing technique was utilized to form the master moulds for developing the sensor prototype. The 3D printed moulds were developed initially using Poly Lactic Acid as the printing filament. Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Polydimethylsiloxane were used for forming the electrodes and substrates of the sensor patches, respectively. The casting of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes powder and Polydimethylsiloxane were done on the 3D printed moulds. The electrodes were patterned in an interdigitated manner to operate on the impedimetric principle. The passive elements of the equivalent circuit of the interdigitated sensors were determined using Complex Non-Linear Least-Square Curve Fitting software. The total change in impedance concerning differently concentrated solutions was due to different resistive and reactive elements of the sensors. The resistance, reactance, and impedance values from the sensor patches were analysed during the experiment for calcium and magnesium solutions. Experimental outcomes proved that the sensor was able to differentiate various concentrations of calcium and magnesium ions between 1 ppm and 200 ppm solutions. The reproducibility, repeatability, and reusability of the sensors were also tested to propose the developed sensors as an alternative solution for the determination of calcium and magnesium ions from unknown samples.

本文介绍了用于电化学检测水体中多种矿物质（例如钙和镁）的新型柔性传感器的设计，制造和实现。利用3D打印技术形成用于开发传感器原型的母模。3D打印模具最初是使用聚乳酸作为打印丝进行开发的。多孔碳纳米管和聚二甲基硅氧烷分别用于形成传感器贴片的电极和基底。多壁碳纳米管粉末和聚二甲基硅氧烷的浇铸在3D打印模具上进行。电极以交叉方式构图以根据阻抗原理进行操作。使用复杂非线性最小二乘曲线拟合软件确定叉指式传感器等效电路的无源元件。关于不同浓度溶液的总阻抗变化是由于传感器的电阻和电抗元件不同。在钙和镁溶液的实验过程中，分析了传感器贴片的电阻，电抗和阻抗值。实验结果证明，该传感器能够区分1 ppm至200 ppm溶液中各种浓度的钙和镁离子。还测试了传感器的可重复性，可重复性和可重复使用性，以提出开发的传感器作为测定未知样品中钙和镁离子的替代解决方案。