The intestine contains some of the most diverse and complex immune compartments in the body. Here we describe a method for isolating human gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALTs) that allows unprecedented profiling of the adaptive immune system in submucosal and mucosal isolated lymphoid follicles (SM-ILFs and M-ILFs, respectively) as well as in GALT-free intestinal lamina propria (LP). SM-ILF and M-ILF showed distinct patterns of distribution along the length of the intestine, were linked to the systemic circulation through MAdCAM-1+ high endothelial venules and efferent lymphatics, and had immune profiles consistent with immune-inductive sites. IgA sequencing analysis indicated that human ILFs are sites where intestinal adaptive immune responses are initiated in an anatomically restricted manner. Our findings position ILFs as key inductive hubs for regional immunity in the human intestine, and the methods presented will allow future assessment of these compartments in health and disease.

中文翻译：

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人类肠道相关淋巴组织的免疫分析确定了孤立的淋巴滤泡在启动区域特异性免疫中的作用。

肠内含有一些人体中最多样化和最复杂的免疫区室。在这里，我们描述了一种分离人类肠道相关淋巴组织（GALT）的方法，该方法允许对粘膜下和粘膜分离的淋巴滤泡（分别为SM-ILF和M-ILF）以及无GALT的适应性免疫系统进行前所未有的分析固有层肠（LP）。SM-ILF和M-ILF在肠的长度方向上显示出不同的分布模式，通过MAdCAM-1 +高内皮小静脉和传出的淋巴管与全身循环相关，并具有与免疫诱导部位一致的免疫特性。IgA测序分析表明，人类ILF是以解剖学上受限的方式引发肠道适应性免疫反应的位点。