The field of prosthetics has been evolving and advancing over the past decade, as patients with missing extremities are expecting to control their prostheses in as normal a way as possible. Scientists have attempted to satisfy this expectation by designing a connection between the nervous system of the patient and the prosthetic limb, creating the field of neuroprosthetics. In this paper, we broadly review the techniques used to bridge the patient’s peripheral nervous system to a prosthetic limb. First, we describe the electrical methods including myoelectric systems, surgical innovations and the role of nerve electrodes. We then describe non-electrical methods used alone or in combination with electrical methods. Design concerns from an engineering point of view are explored, and novel improvements to obtain a more stable interface are described. Finally, a critique of the methods with respect to their long-term impacts is provided. In this review, nerve electrodes are found to be one of the most promising interfaces in the future for intuitive user control. Clinical trials with larger patient populations, and for longer periods of time for certain interfaces, will help to evaluate the clinical application of nerve electrodes.

中文翻译：

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与周围神经系统接口以控制神经假肢：综述。


在过去的十年里，假肢领域一直在发展和进步，因为四肢缺失的患者希望尽可能以正常的方式控制他们的假肢。科学家们试图通过设计患者的神经系统和假肢之间的连接来满足这一期望，从而创建了神经假肢领域。在本文中，我们广泛回顾了用于将患者周围神经系统与假肢连接起来的技术。首先，我们描述电方法，包括肌电系统、手术创新和神经电极的作用。然后我们描述单独使用或与电气方法结合使用的非电气方法。从工程角度探讨了设计问题，并描述了获得更稳定界面的新颖改进。最后，对这些方法的长期影响进行了批评。在这篇评论中，神经电极被认为是未来最有前途的直观用户控制界面之一。对较大患者群体和某些接口进行较长时间的临床试验将有助于评估神经电极的临床应用。