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Changes in and the mediating role of physical activity in relation to active school transport, fitness and adiposity among Spanish youth: the UP&DOWN longitudinal study.
International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity ( IF 5.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-10 , DOI: 10.1186/s12966-020-00940-9
Daniel Camiletti-Moirón 1, 2 , Anna Timperio 3 , Jenny Veitch 3 , Jorge Del Rosario Fernández-Santos 1, 2 , Gavin Abbott 3 , Álvaro Delgado-Alfonso 1, 2 , Veronica Cabanas-Sanchez 4 , Oscar L Veiga 4 , Jo Salmon 3 , José Castro-Piñero 1, 2
Affiliation  

Longitudinal changes in child and adolescent active school transport (AST), and the mediating role of different intensities of daily physical activity (PA) levels in relation to AST and physical fitness and adiposity indicators is unclear. This study aimed to: 1) describe longitudinal changes in AST, light PA (LPA), moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA), physical fitness and adiposity indicators over three time-points; and 2) investigate the mediating role of LPA and MVPA levels on associations between AST and physical fitness and adiposity indicators over three time-points among children and adolescents. This longitudinal study comprised 1646 Spanish children and adolescents (48.8% girls, mean age 12.5 years ±2.5) at baseline, recruited from schools in Cádiz and Madrid. Mode of commuting to school was self-reported at baseline (T0, 2011–12), 1-year (T1) and 2-year follow-up (T2). PA was assessed using accelerometers. Handgrip strength, standing long jump and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) assessed physical fitness. Height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, and triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness were measured. Multilevel linear regression analyses assessed changes in AST, PA levels, physical fitness and adiposity indicators over three time-points (T0-T1-T2). Additionally, longitudinal path analysis (n = 453; mean age [years] 12.6 ± 2.4) was used to test the mediating effects of LPA and MVPA levels on the association between AST and physical fitness and adiposity indicators. Multilevel analyses observed decreases in LPA between T0-T1 (β = − 11.27; p < 0.001) and T0-T2 (β = − 16.27; p < 0.001) and decreases in MVPA between T0-T2 (β = − 4.51; p = 0.011). Moreover, changes over time showed increases in handgrip between T0-T1 (β = 0.78; p = 0.028) and T0-T2 (β = 0.81; p = 0.046). Path analyses showed that AST was directly positively associated with MVPA at T1 (all, β ≈ 0.33; p < 0.001). MVPA at T1 mediated associations between AST and CRF at T2 (β = 0.20; p = 0.040), but not the other outcomes. LPA did not mediate any associations. Results from longitudinal path analysis suggest that participation in more AST may help attenuate declines in MVPA that typically occur with age and improve CRF. Therefore, we encourage health authorities to promote AST, as a way to increase MVPA levels and CRF among youth.

中文翻译:

在西班牙青年中,体育活动与积极的学校交通,健身和肥胖有关的变化及其中介作用:UP&DOWN纵向研究。

目前尚不清楚儿童和青少年现役学校运输(AST)的纵向变化以及不同强度的日常体育活动(PA)水平与AST,体质和肥胖指标之间的介导作用。这项研究旨在:1)描述三个时间点的AST,轻度PA(LPA),中强度至剧烈强度PA(MVPA),体质和肥胖指标的纵向变化;2)研究了LPA和MVPA水平在儿童和青少年三个时间点上对AST与身体适应性和肥胖指标之间的关联的中介作用。这项纵向研究包括从加的斯和马德里的学校招募的1646名西班牙儿童和青少年(女孩占48.8%,平均年龄12.5岁±2.5)。基线时自我报告的上下班方式(T0,2011-12),1年(T1)和2年随访(T2)。使用加速度计评估PA。握力,站立跳远和心肺健康(CRF)评估身体健康状况。测量身高,体重,体重指数,腰围,肱三头肌和肩cap下皮褶厚度。多级线性回归分析评估了三个时间点(T0-T1-T2)内AST,PA水平,体质和肥胖指标的变化。此外,采用纵向路径分析(n = 453;平均年龄[年] 12.6±2.4)来测试LPA和MVPA水平对AST与身体适应性和肥胖指标之间关系的中介作用。多级分析观察到T0​​-T1(β= − 11.27; p <0.001)和T0-T2(β= − 16.27; p <0.001)之间的LPA降低,T0-T2之间(β= − 4.51; p = 0.011)。此外,随着时间的变化显示出T0-T1(β= 0.78; p = 0.028)和T0-T2(β= 0.81; p = 0.046)之间的握力增加。路径分析表明,AST在T1时与MVPA直接正相关(所有β≈0.33; p <0.001)。T1时的MVPA介导了T2时AST和CRF之间的关联(β= 0.20; p = 0.040),但其他结果没有。LPA没有调解任何关联。纵向路径分析的结果表明,参与更多的AST可能有助于减轻通常随着年龄增长而出现的MVPA下降,并改善CRF。因此,我们鼓励卫生当局推广AST,以增加年轻人中的MVPA水平和CRF。路径分析表明,AST在T1与MVPA直接正相关(所有β≈0.33; p <0.001)。T1时的MVPA介导了T2时AST和CRF之间的关联(β= 0.20; p = 0.040),但其他结果没有。LPA没有调解任何关联。纵向路径分析的结果表明,参与更多的AST可能有助于减轻通常随着年龄增长而出现的MVPA下降,并改善CRF。因此,我们鼓励卫生部门推广AST,以增加年轻人的MVPA水平和CRF。路径分析表明,AST在T1时与MVPA直接正相关(所有β≈0.33; p <0.001)。T1时的MVPA介导了T2时AST和CRF之间的关联(β= 0.20; p = 0.040),但其他结果没有。LPA没有调解任何关联。纵向路径分析的结果表明,参与更多的AST可能有助于减轻通常随着年龄增长而出现的MVPA下降,并改善CRF。因此,我们鼓励卫生部门推广AST,以增加年轻人的MVPA水平和CRF。纵向路径分析的结果表明,参与更多的AST可能有助于减轻通常随着年龄增长而出现的MVPA下降,并改善CRF。因此,我们鼓励卫生部门推广AST,以增加年轻人的MVPA水平和CRF。纵向路径分析的结果表明,参与更多的AST可能有助于减轻通常随着年龄增长而出现的MVPA下降,并改善CRF。因此,我们鼓励卫生部门推广AST,以增加年轻人的MVPA水平和CRF。
更新日期:2020-04-22
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