The relationship between food and health is known since the antiquity and in the field of rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs), mainly rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a large number of studies has been published over the last 50 years encompassing different aspects of nutrition. This led to postulate a role of nutrients for both primary prevention of RMDs in the general population and secondary prevention of disease flares and complications in patients with an established RMD. We aimed to summarise and critically discuss current evidence on the role of different nutrients and dietary regimens in RMDs with a focus on RA. Over the last years, some seminal papers proved that some compounds, such as salt, can directly modulate the immune system and large epidemiological studies have been linking dietary patters with the risk to develop RMDs. However, physicians’ knowledge about the role of diet in disease prevention and treatment is often poor and ultimately diet is rarely perceived as a companion of pharmacological treatment. Based on the currently available evidence, we are not (yet?) in the phase of putting diet on the same level as pharmacological treatment in RMDs and in particular, RA, but future studies will likely shed additional light on this controversial topic and at least might suggest a value as dietary prevention of risk factors.

中文翻译：

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RMD 中的营养：真的值得深思吗？专注于类风湿关节炎

食物与健康之间的关系自古以来就为人所知，在风湿性和肌肉骨骼疾病 (RMD) 领域，主要是类风湿性关节炎 (RA)，在过去 50 年中发表了大量研究，涵盖营养的不同方面。这导致假设营养素在普通人群中对 RMD 的一级预防以及对已确诊 RMD 患者疾病发作和并发症的二级预防都有作用。我们旨在总结和批判性地讨论当前关于不同营养素和饮食方案在 RMD 中的作用的证据，重点是 RA。在过去的几年里，一些开创性的论文证明了一些化合物，例如盐，可以直接调节免疫系统，并且大型流行病学研究已经将饮食模式与患 RMD 的风险联系起来。然而，医生对饮食在疾病预防和治疗中的作用的了解往往很差，最终很少将饮食视为药物治疗的伴侣。根据目前可用的证据，我们还没有（还没有？）在 RMD 尤其是 RA 中将饮食置于与药物治疗相同水平的阶段，但未来的研究可能会进一步阐明这个有争议的话题，至少可能建议作为风险因素的饮食预防的价值。