Choosing the right carbon additive is of vital importance for high-performance Sb-based Na-ion batteries,Journal of Materials Chemistry A

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Choosing the right carbon additive is of vital importance for high-performance Sb-based Na-ion batteries
Journal of Materials Chemistry A ( IF 10.7 ) Pub Date : 2020/03/07 , DOI: 10.1039/d0ta00254b
Kristina Pfeifer _{1,

2,

3,

4} , Stefanie Arnold _{1,

2,

3,

4,

5} , Öznil Budak _{4,

5,

6,

7,

8} , Xianlin Luo _{1,

2,

3,

4} , Volker Presser _{4,

5,

6,

7,

8} , Helmut Ehrenberg _{1,

2,

3,

4,

9} , Sonia Dsoke _{1,

2,

3,

4,

9}

Affiliation

Electrodes based on alloying reactions for sodium-ion batteries (NIB) offer high specific capacity but require bespoken electrode material design to enable high performance stability. This work addresses that issue by systematically exploring the impact of carbon properties on antimony/carbon composite electrodes for NIBs. Since the Sb surface is covered by an insulating oxide layer, carbon additives are crucial for the percolation and electrochemical activity of Sb based anodes. Instead of using complex hybridization strategies, the ability of mechanical mixing to yield stable high-performance Sb/C sodium-ion battery (NIB) electrodes is shown. This is only possible by considering the physical, chemical, and structural features of the carbon phase. A comparison of carbon nanohorns, onion-like carbon, carbon black, and graphite as conductive additives is given in this work. The best performance is not triggered by the highest or lowest surface area, and not by highest or lowest heteroatom content, but by the best ability to homogenously distribute within the Sb matrix. The latter provides an optimum interaction between carbon and Sb and is best enabled by onion-like carbon. A remarkable rate performance is attained, electrode cracking caused by volume expansion is successfully prevented, and the homogeneity of the solid/electrolyte interphase is significantly improved as a result of it. With this composite electrode, a reversible capacity of 490 mA h g⁻¹ at 0.1 A g⁻¹ and even 300 mA g⁻¹ at 8 A g⁻¹ is obtained. Additionally, high stability with a capacity retention of 73% over 100 cycles is achieved at charge/discharge rates of 0.2 A g⁻¹.

中文翻译：

选择合适的碳添加剂对于高性能基于锑的钠离子电池至关重要

基于钠离子电池（NIB）合金化反应的电极具有较高的比容量，但需要采用潜入式电极材料设计才能实现高性能稳定性。这项工作通过系统地研究碳性能对NIB的锑/碳复合电极的影响来解决该问题。由于Sb表面被绝缘氧化物层覆盖，碳添加剂对于Sb基阳极的渗透和电化学活性至关重要。代替使用复杂的杂交策略，显示了机械混合产生稳定的高性能Sb / C钠离子电池（NIB）电极的能力。这只有通过考虑碳相的物理，化学和结构特征才有可能。碳纳米角，洋葱状碳，炭黑的比较，这项工作给出了石墨作为导电添加剂。最佳性能不是由最高或最低的表面积触发，不是由最高或最低的杂原子含量触发，而是由在Sb基质中均匀分布的最佳能力触发。后者提供了碳和Sb之间的最佳相互作用，并且最好由洋葱状碳实现。获得了显着的倍率性能，成功地防止了由体积膨胀引起的电极开裂，并因此显着改善了固体/电解质界面的均匀性。使用这种复合电极，可逆容量为490 mA hg 但具有在Sb基质中均匀分布的最佳能力。后者提供了碳和Sb之间的最佳相互作用，并且最好由洋葱状碳实现。获得了显着的倍率性能，成功地防止了由体积膨胀引起的电极开裂，并因此显着改善了固体/电解质界面的均匀性。使用这种复合电极，可逆容量为490 mA hg 但具有在Sb基质中均匀分布的最佳能力。后者提供了碳和Sb之间的最佳相互作用，并且最好通过洋葱状碳实现。获得了显着的倍率性能，成功地防止了由体积膨胀引起的电极开裂，并因此显着改善了固体/电解质界面的均匀性。使用这种复合电极，可逆容量为490 mA hg^-1 0.1 A G^-1，甚至300毫安克^-1在8 A G^-1被获得。另外，在0.2A g^-1的充电/放电速率下，在100个循环中获得具有73％的容量保持率的高稳定性。

更新日期：2020-03-26

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