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Effectiveness of the Extension for Community Health Outcomes Model as Applied to Primary Care for Autism
JAMA Pediatrics ( IF 24.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-04 , DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.6306
Micah O Mazurek 1 , Robert A Parker 2, 3 , James Chan 2 , Karen Kuhlthau 4, 5 , Kristin Sohl 6 ,
Affiliation  

Importance The Extension for Community Health Outcomes (ECHO) model is a widely adopted technology-based model for training primary care physicians and practitioners (PCPs) to care for patients with complex conditions. Despite its popularity, to our knowledge, direct effects of ECHO on clinical practice have not been tested in a large-scale study. Objective To test the effectiveness of the ECHO model as applied to primary care for autism and whether it resulted in improved clinical practice, knowledge, and self-efficacy regarding autism screening and comorbidity management. Design, Setting, and Participants Primary care physicians and practitioners were recruited to participate in a 6-month ECHO Autism program delivered by 1 of 10 academic medical center sites. A sequential, staggered rollout of ECHO Autism was delivered to 5 cohorts of participants (15 per site; 2 sites per cohort). Sites were randomized after recruitment to cohort/start time. Cohorts launched every 3 months. The ECHO Autism program used videoconferencing technology to connect community-based PCPs with interdisciplinary expert teams at academic medical centers. There were 148 participants (PCPs [family practice physicians, pediatricians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants] providing outpatient services to underserved children) studied between December 2016 and November 2018. Interventions The 6-month ECHO Autism program included twelve 2-hour sessions connecting PCP participants with an interdisciplinary expert team. Sessions included didactics, case-based learning, guided practice, and discussion. Main Outcomes and Measures Coprimary outcomes were autism screening practices and comorbidity management (assessed by medical record review). Secondary outcomes were knowledge (assessed by direct testing) and self-efficacy (assessed by self-report survey). Assessments were conducted at baseline, mid-ECHO, post-ECHO, and follow-up (3 months after ECHO). Results Ten sites were randomized to 1 of 5 cohorts. Participants were 82% female (n = 108), 76% white (n = 100), and 6% Hispanic or Latino (n = 8); the median age was 46 years (interquartile range, 37-55 years). Significant changes in autism screening and treatment of comorbidities in children with autism were not observed. Participants demonstrated significant improvements in knowledge (9%; 95% CI, 4-13; P < .001) and self-efficacy (29%; 95% CI, 25-32; P < .001). Conclusions and Relevance The ECHO model was developed to increase access to high-quality health care for underserved patients with complex conditions. Study results provide support for the model in improving clinician knowledge and confidence but little support for achieving practice change. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03677089.

中文翻译:

社区健康结果模型推广应用于自闭症初级保健的有效性

重要性 社区健康成果推广 (ECHO) 模型是一种广泛采用的基于技术的模型,用于培训初级保健医生和从业人员 (PCP) 以照顾患有复杂疾病的患者。尽管它很受欢迎,但据我们所知,ECHO 对临床实践的直接影响尚未在大规模研究中得到测试。目的 测试 ECHO 模型应用于自闭症初级保健的有效性,以及它是否会改善有关自闭症筛查和合并症管理的临床实践、知识和自我效能。设计、设置和参与者 初级保健医生和从业者被招募参加由 10 个学术医疗中心站点中的一个提供的为期 6 个月的 ECHO 自闭症计划。一个连续的,向 5 个参与者队列(每个站点 15 个;每个队列 2 个站点)提供了 ECHO Autism 的交错部署。招募后将站点随机分配到队列/开始时间。每 3 个月推出一次群组。ECHO 自闭症计划使用视频会议技术将社区 PCP 与学术医疗中心的跨学科专家团队联系起来。2016 年 12 月至 2018 年 11 月期间研究了 148 名参与者(PCP [家庭执业医师、儿科医生、执业护士和医师助理],为服务不足的儿童提供门诊服务)。干预措施 6 个月的 ECHO 自闭症计划包括十二个 2 小时的会议拥有跨学科专家团队的 PCP 参与者。会议包括教学、基于案例的学习、指导练习和讨论。主要结果和措施 共同主要结果是自闭症筛查实践和合并症管理(通过病历审查评估)。次要结果是知识(通过直接测试评估)和自我效能(通过自我报告调查评估)。在基线、ECHO 中期、ECHO 后和随访(ECHO 后 3 个月)进行评估。结果 10 个站点随机分配到 5 个队列中的 1 个。参与者为 82% 的女性(n = 108)、76% 的白人(n = 100)和 6% 的西班牙裔或拉丁裔(n = 8);中位年龄为 46 岁(四分位距,37-55 岁)。未观察到自闭症儿童在自闭症筛查和合并症治疗方面的显着变化。参与者表现出知识(9%;95% CI,4-13;P < .001)和自我效能(29%;95% CI,25-32;P < .001)的显着改善。结论和相关性 ECHO 模型的开发是为了让患有复杂疾病的服务不足的患者更多地获得高质量的医疗保健服务。研究结果为该模型提供了提高临床医生知识和信心的支持,但对实现实践变革的支持很少。试验注册 ClinicalTrials.gov 标识符:NCT03677089。
更新日期:2020-05-04
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