Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with an increased level of leptin and an abnormal fatty acid (FA) profile in the serum. However, there are no data on the associations between them, and the reason for increased serum levels in patients with CKD is not well elucidated. Recently, we found that a CKD-related abnormal FA profile caused significant changes in the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism in hepatocytes. The aim of this study was to examine whether leptin gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of patients with CKD may contribute to increased serum levels of this adipokine and whether the abnormal serum FA profile observed in CKD patients has an impact on leptin gene expression in adipocytes. The FA profile was measured in serum samples from patients with CKD and controls by GC–MS. The relative mRNA levels of leptin were measured in SAT by Real-Time PCR. Moreover, the effect of the CKD-related abnormal FA profile on leptin gene expression was studied in in vitro cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Patients with CKD had higher concentrations of serum leptin than controls and higher expression level of the leptin gene in SAT. They also had increased serum monounsaturated FAs and decreased polyunsaturated FAs. The incubation of adipocytes with FAs isolated from CKD patients resulted in an increase of the levels of leptin mRNA. Increased leptin gene expression in SAT may contribute to elevated concentrations of these adipokine in patients with CKD. CKD-related alterations of the FA profile may contribute to elevated serum leptin concentrations in patients with CKD by increasing the gene expression of this adipokine in SAT.

中文翻译：

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瘦素基因在慢性肾脏病患者脂肪组织中的表达增加–血清脂肪酸谱异常的可能作用

慢性肾脏病（CKD）与瘦素水平升高和血清中异常脂肪酸（FA）谱有关。然而，目前尚无关于它们之间关联性的数据，并且尚不清楚CKD患者血清水平升高的原因。最近，我们发现与CKD相关的异常FA谱导致与肝细胞脂质代谢有关的基因表达的显着变化。这项研究的目的是检查CKD患者皮下脂肪组织（SAT）中的瘦素基因表达是否可能有助于增加这种脂肪因子的血清水平，以及在CKD患者中观察到的异常血清FA谱是否对瘦素基因表达有影响在脂肪细胞中。通过GC-MS测定来自CKD患者和对照组的血清样品中的FA谱。通过实时PCR在SAT中测量瘦蛋白的相对mRNA水平。此外，在体外培养的3T3-L1脂肪细胞中研究了CKD相关的异常FA概况对瘦素基因表达的影响。CKD患者的血清瘦素浓度高于对照组，并且瘦素基因在SAT中的表达水平较高。他们还具有血清单不饱和脂肪酸增加和多不饱和脂肪酸减少。脂肪细胞与从CKD患者中分离出的FA一起孵育导致瘦素mRNA水平增加。SAT中瘦素基因表达的增加可能导致CKD患者这些脂肪因子的浓度升高。通过增加SAT中这种脂肪因子的基因表达，与CKD相关的FA分布改变可能导致CKD患者血清瘦素浓度升高。