Abstract In the present study, an electrically-assisted microextraction method termed electromembrane extraction (EME) followed by a simple high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection was developed and validated for the determination of phenytoin in human biological samples. Main parameters influencing the electromembrane extraction were evaluated and optimized using the Box-Behnken experimental design. The membrane consisted of 1-octanol immobilized in the pores of a hollow fiber. As a driving force, a 40 V electric field was applied to facilitate the migration of analytes from the sample solution to an acceptor solution through a supported liquid membrane. The optimum donor and acceptor solutions pHs were achieved 10 and 13, respectively. The enrichment factor was > 82 within 15 min led to 55% absolute extraction recovery. In optimum conditions, the method provided the linearity in the range of 10–1000 ng/mL (R2 >0.999). The repeatability of the method was indicated as relative standard deviations (%RSD) between 3.6% and 8.9% (n = 3). The limits of detection and quantitation were 3.0 and 10.0 ng/mL, respectively. The sensitivity of HPLC-UV for determining phenytoin was enhanced by electromembrane extraction. Also, in this study, the effects of some nano-sorbents like carbon nanotubes and molecularly imprinted polymer on membrane performance and EME efficiency were evaluated. The EME technique can be introduced as a new approach for screening of molecularly imprinted polymers in their primary steps of characterization. Finally, the proposed EME-HPLC-UV method was applied for phenytoin determination in human plasma and urine samples with relative recoveries ranged between 88–92% indicating the reliability of the method.

中文翻译：

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生物体液中苯妥英的电膜提取：分子印迹聚合物和碳纳米管对提取效率影响的调查

摘要 在本研究中，开发并验证了一种称为电膜萃取 (EME) 和简单高效液相色谱-紫外检测的电辅助微萃取方法，用于测定人体生物样品中的苯妥英。使用 Box-Behnken 实验设计评估和优化影响电膜提取的主要参数。该膜由固定在中空纤维孔中的 1-辛醇组成。作为驱动力，施加 40 V 电场以促进分析物从样品溶液通过支撑液膜迁移到受体溶液。最佳供体和受体溶液的 pH 值分别达到 10 和 13。15 分钟内富集因子 > 82 导致 55% 的绝对提取回收率。在最佳条件下，该方法提供的线性范围为 10–1000 ng/mL (R2 > 0.999)。该方法的重复性表示为 3.6% 和 8.9% (n = 3) 之间的相对标准偏差 (%RSD)。检测限和定量限分别为 3.0 和 10.0 ng/mL。电膜萃取提高了 HPLC-UV 测定苯妥英的灵敏度。此外，在本研究中，还评估了一些纳米吸附剂（如碳纳米管和分子印迹聚合物）对膜性能和 EME 效率的影响。EME 技术可以作为一种新方法在分子印迹聚合物的主要表征步骤中进行筛选。最后，