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Aspergillus, Penicillium and Cladosporium species associated with dried date fruits collected in the Perugia (Umbria, Central Italy) market.
International Journal of Food Microbiology ( IF 5.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-08 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108585
Mara Quaglia 1 , Marina Santinelli 1 , Michael Sulyok 2 , Andrea Onofri 1 , Lorenzo Covarelli 1 , Giovanni Beccari 1
Affiliation  

A total of 20 dried date samples, chosen as representative among those available on the Perugia (Umbria, Central Italy) market, were analyzed for the possible occurrence of fungal species and related contamination by fungal secondary metabolites. Twenty-six isolates, representative of the total mycobiota, were obtained and morphologically identified as belonging to the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium and Cladosporium. Inside each genus, molecular characterization (by partial sequencing of ITS region and/or β-tubulin and calmodulin regions for Aspergillus and Penicillium isolates or actin region for Cladosporium isolates) and in vitro mycotoxigenic profile characterization (by LC-MS/MS analysis) showed the presence of the following species: A. flavus, A. tubingensis, P. brevicompactum, P. chrysogenum, P. crustosum, P. glabrum, P. solitum, P. venetum, C. cladosporioides, C. limoniforme and C. halotolerans, with A. tubingensis as the prevalent species and P. crustosum, P. solitum, P. venetum and C. limoniforme first reported here on dates. Date packaging and format showed an effect on the incidence of isolated fungi, with the lowest incidence recovered from whole dates and in hermetic bag packaging. These findings can be useful both for dried dates producers and consumers, guiding them towards choices of packaging and format with a lower risk of mycotoxigenic species presence. However, no fungal metabolites were detected in the dried date samples analyzed, which were therefore regarded as safe for human consumption, underlining the absence of correspondence between fungal isolation and mycotoxin contaminations.

中文翻译:

与在佩鲁贾(意大利中部翁布里亚)市场上收集的干枣水果相关的曲霉,青霉和克氏孢子菌种。

在佩鲁贾(意大利中部翁布里亚)市场上选择的代表样本中,总共选择了20个干枣样品进行了分析,以分析可能存在的真菌种类和真菌次生代谢产物的相关污染。获得了代表总分枝杆菌群的26个分离株,并在形态上鉴定为属于曲霉属,青霉属和枝孢属。在每个属内,分子表征(通过对ITS区域和/或曲霉和青霉菌分离物的β-微管蛋白和钙调蛋白区域进行部分测序,或对于克拉多孢菌分离物的肌动蛋白区域进行部分测序)和体外毒素毒性特征表征(通过LC-MS / MS分析)存在以下物种:黄曲霉,曲霉曲霉,短缩假单胞菌,产黄假单胞菌,硬皮假单胞菌,禾本科,茄形假单胞菌,体育 venetum,C。cladosporioides,C。limoniforme和C. halotolerans,以油曲霉A.tubingensis为流行种,而C. crustosum,P。solitum,P。venetum和C.limoniforme最早报道于此。枣包装和格式显示出对分离真菌发病率的影响,从整个枣和密封袋包装中回收率最低。这些发现对于干枣生产者和消费者都可能是有用的,引导他们朝着降低产毒毒素种类风险的包装和形式选择。但是,在所分析的干枣样品中未检测到真菌代谢物,因此被认为对人类食用是安全的,这突出说明了真菌分离与霉菌毒素污染之间没有对应关系。首先在日期上报道了油管草作为流行种,还有P. crustosum,P。solitum,P。venetum和C. limoniforme。枣包装和格式显示出对分离真菌发病率的影响,从整个枣和密封袋包装中回收率最低。这些发现对于干枣生产者和消费者都可能是有用的,引导他们朝着降低产毒毒素种类风险的包装和形式选择。但是,在所分析的干枣样品中未检测到真菌代谢物,因此被认为对人类食用是安全的,这突出说明了真菌分离与霉菌毒素污染之间没有对应关系。首先在日期上报道了油管草作为流行种,还有P. crustosum,P。solitum,P。venetum和C. limoniforme。枣包装和格式显示出对分离真菌发病率的影响,从整个枣和密闭袋包装中回收率最低。这些发现对于干枣生产者和消费者都可能是有用的,引导他们朝着降低产毒毒素种类存在风险的包装和形式选择。但是,在所分析的干枣样品中未检测到真菌代谢物,因此被认为对人类食用是安全的,这突出说明了真菌分离与霉菌毒素污染之间没有对应关系。枣包装和格式显示出对分离真菌发病率的影响,从整个枣和密封袋包装中回收率最低。这些发现对于干枣生产者和消费者都可能是有用的,引导他们朝着降低产毒毒素种类风险的包装和形式选择。但是,在所分析的干枣样品中未检测到真菌代谢物,因此被认为对人类食用是安全的,这突出说明了真菌分离与霉菌毒素污染之间没有对应关系。枣包装和格式显示出对分离真菌发病率的影响,从整个枣和密闭袋包装中回收率最低。这些发现对于干枣生产者和消费者都可能是有用的,引导他们朝着降低产毒毒素种类存在风险的包装和形式选择。但是,在所分析的干枣样品中未检测到真菌代谢物,因此被认为对人类食用是安全的,这强调了真菌分离与真菌毒素污染之间没有对应关系。指导他们选择包装和形式,降低产毒毒素种类的风险。但是,在所分析的干枣样品中未检测到真菌代谢物,因此被认为对人类食用是安全的,这突出说明了真菌分离与霉菌毒素污染之间没有对应关系。指导他们选择包装和形式,降低产毒毒素种类的风险。但是,在所分析的干枣样品中未检测到真菌代谢物,因此被认为对人类食用是安全的,这强调了真菌分离与真菌毒素污染之间没有对应关系。
更新日期:2020-03-09
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