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Pleiotropic roles of tankyrase/PARP proteins in the establishment and maintenance of human naïve pluripotency.
Experimental Cell Research ( IF 3.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-07 , DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.111935
Ludovic Zimmerlin 1 , Elias T Zambidis 1
Affiliation  

Tankyrase 1 (TNKS1; PARP-5a) and Tankyrase 2 (TNKS2; PARP-5b) are poly-ADP-ribosyl-polymerase (PARP)-domain-containing proteins that regulate the activities of a wide repertoire of target proteins via post-translational addition of poly-ADP-ribose polymers (PARylation). Although tankyrases were first identified as regulators of human telomere elongation, important and expansive roles of tankyrase activity have recently emerged in the development and maintenance of stem cell states. Herein, we summarize the current state of knowledge of the various tankyrase-mediated activities that may promote human naïve and 'extended' pluripotency'. We review the putative role of tankyrase and PARP inhibition in trophectoderm specification, telomere elongation, DNA repair and chromosomal segregation, metabolism, and PTEN-mediated apoptosis. Importantly, tankyrases possess PARP-independent activities that include regulation of MDC1-associated DNA repair by homologous recombination (HR) and autophagy/pexophagy, which is an essential mechanism of protein synthesis in the preimplantation embryo. Additionally, tankyrases auto-regulate themselves via auto-PARylation which augments their cellular protein levels and potentiates their non-PARP tankyrase functions. We propose that these non-PARP-related activities of tankyrase proteins may further independently affect both naïve and extended pluripotency via mechanisms that remain undetermined. We broadly outline a hypothetical framework for how inclusion of a tankyrase/PARP inhibitor in small molecule cocktails may stabilize and potentiate naïve and extended pluripotency via pleiotropic routes and mechanisms.

中文翻译:

端粒聚合酶/ PARP蛋白在人类天然多能性的建立和维持中的多效性作用。

Tankyrase 1(TNKS1; PARP-5a)和Tankyrase 2(TNKS2; PARP-5b)是含ADP-核糖基聚合酶(PARP)域的蛋白,可通过翻译后调节多种靶蛋白的活性加入聚ADP-核糖聚合物(PARylation)。尽管tankyrase最初被确定为人类端粒伸长的调节剂,但tankyrase活性的重要而广泛的作用最近已出现在干细胞状态的发展和维持中。在本文中,我们总结了各种坦科聚合酶介导的活动的知识现状,这些活动可能促进人类幼稚和“扩展的”多能性”。我们审查了tankyrase和PARP抑制在滋养外胚层规范,端粒伸长,DNA修复和染色体分离,代谢和PTEN介导的细胞凋亡中的假定作用。重要的是,坦科聚合酶具有不依赖PARP的活性,包括通过同源重组(HR)和自噬/吞咽,调节MDC1相关的DNA修复,这是植入前胚胎中蛋白质合成的重要机制。此外,tankyrases通过自动PARylation自动调节自身,从而增加其细胞蛋白水平并增强其非PARP tankyrase功能。我们提出,这些坦帕酶的非PARP相关活性可能通过尚未确定的机制进一步独立地影响幼稚和扩展的多能性。我们概括性地提出了一个假设框架,说明在多分子混合物中加入坦科聚合酶/ PARP抑制剂如何通过多效性途径和机制稳定和增强幼稚和扩展的多能性。端锚聚合酶具有不依赖PARP的活性,包括通过同源重组(HR)和自噬/吞咽,调节MDC1相关的DNA修复,这是植入前胚胎中蛋白质合成的重要机制。此外,tankyrases通过自动PARylation自动调节自身,从而增加其细胞蛋白水平并增强其非PARP tankyrase功能。我们提出,这些坦帕酶的非PARP相关活性可能通过尚未确定的机制进一步独立地影响幼稚和扩展的多能性。我们概括性地提出了一个假设框架,说明在多分子混合物中加入坦科聚合酶/ PARP抑制剂如何通过多效性途径和机制稳定和增强幼稚和扩展的多能性。端锚聚合酶具有不依赖PARP的活性,包括通过同源重组(HR)和自噬/吞咽,调节MDC1相关的DNA修复,这是植入前胚胎中蛋白质合成的重要机制。此外,tankyrases通过自动PARylation自动调节自身,从而增加其细胞蛋白水平并增强其非PARP tankyrase功能。我们提出,这些坦帕酶的非PARP相关活性可能通过尚未确定的机制进一步独立地影响幼稚和扩展的多能性。我们概括性地提出了一个假设框架,说明在多分子混合物中加入坦科聚合酶/ PARP抑制剂如何通过多效性途径和机制稳定和增强幼稚和扩展的多能性。
更新日期:2020-03-09
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