Sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX) 1 and 3, have been demonstrated to play a relevant role in controlling the intracellular homeostasis of sodium and calcium ions in physiological and patho-physiological conditions. While NCX1 and NCX3 knocking-down have been both implicated in brain ischemia, several aspects of the epigenetic regulation of these two antiporters transcription were not yet well characterized. In response to stroke, NCX1 and NCX3 transcriptional regulation occurs from specific promoter sequences. Several evidences have shown that the expression of NCX1 and NCX3 can be determined by epigenetic modifications, consisting in changes of the histone acetylation levels on their promoter sequences. An interesting issue is that histone modifications at the NCX1 and NCX3 promoters could be linked to neurodegeneration occurring after stroke. Therefore, identifying the epigenetic regulation at the NCX1 and NCX3 promoters could permit to identify new molecular targets that can open new strategies for stroke treatment. The current review reassumes the recent knowledge of histone modifications of NCX1 and NCX3 genes in brain in physiological and patho-physiological conditions.

钠钙交换剂（NCX）1和3已被证明在生理和病理生理条件下控制钠和钙离子的细胞内稳态方面起着重要作用。虽然NCX1和NCX3敲低都与脑缺血有关，但是这两个反转运蛋白转录的表观遗传调控的几个方面尚未得到很好的表征。响应中风，NCX1和NCX3转录调控发生在特定的启动子序列上。一些证据表明，NCX1和NCX3的表达可以通过表观遗传修饰来确定，表观遗传修饰包括启动子序列上组蛋白乙酰化水平的变化。一个有趣的问题是，NCX1和NCX3启动子的组蛋白修饰可能与中风后发生的神经变性有关。因此，确定在NCX1和NCX3启动子的表观遗传调控可能允许确定新的分子靶标，这些靶标可以为中风治疗打开新的策略。当前的评论重新假定了在生理和病理生理条件下大脑中NCX1和NCX3基因的组蛋白修饰的最新知识。