Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are germline-encoded sensors best characterized for their critical role in host defense. However, there is accumulating evidence that organ transplantation induces the release or display of molecular patterns of cellular injury and death that trigger PRR-mediated inflammatory responses. There are also new insights that indicate PRRs are able to distinguish between self and non-self, suggesting the existence of non-clonal mechanisms of allorecognition. Collectively, these reports have spurred considerable interest into whether PRRs or their ligands can be targeted to promote transplant survival. This review examines the mounting evidence that PRRs play in transplant-mediated inflammation. Given the large number of PRRs, we will focus on members from four families: the complement system, toll-like receptors, the formylated peptide receptor, and scavenger receptors through examining reports of their activity in experimental models of cellular and solid organ transplantation as well as in the clinical setting.

中文翻译：

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模式识别受体在移植中的作用的最新进展。

模式识别受体（PRR）是种系编码的传感器，因其在宿主防御中的关键作用而得到最好的表征。但是，越来越多的证据表明，器官移植诱导了细胞损伤和死亡的分子模式的释放或显示，从而触发了PRR介导的炎症反应。也有新的见解表明PRR能够区分自我和非自我，这表明存在异源认知的非克隆机制。总体而言，这些报告引起了人们对于PRR或其配体是否可以靶向促进移植存活的兴趣。这篇综述检查了越来越多的证据表明PRR在移植介导的炎症中起作用。鉴于PRR数量众多，我们将关注四个家族的成员：补体系统，通行费受体，