Abstract Colorimetric detection is important for various applications where instant and convenient read-out is needed. Because of their fascinating optical properties, plasmonic nanostructures have inspired numerous colorimetric detections for environmental contaminants, biomolecules, and pharmaceuticals. The underlying mechanism of these colorimetric sensors is that the introduction of analytes can alter the distance, spatial arrangement (orientation), size, morphology, or composition of plasmonic nanostructures, inducing distinguishable changes of spectra and color. In this review, we focus our discussion on the colorimetric detection involving anisotropic nanostructures such as nanorods, nanoplates, nanoflowers, nanobipyramids, nanoframes, and nanocubes, which exhibit many unique advantages compared to their isotropic counterparts. In addition to illustrating the design principles, sensing mechanisms, and applications of these anisotropic nanostructures-based colorimetric methods, we also discuss smart plasmonic sensors based on anisotropic nanomaterials that are used to detect external stimuli such as temperature, pH, light, magnetic field, and mechanical force.

中文翻译：

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用于比色传感的各向异性等离子体纳米结构

摘要 比色检测对于需要即时方便读出的各种应用非常重要。由于其迷人的光学特性，等离子体纳米结构激发了许多对环境污染物、生物分子和药物的比色检测。这些比色传感器的潜在机制是分析物的引入可以改变等离子体纳米结构的距离、空间排列（方向）、大小、形态或组成，从而引起光谱和颜色的可区分变化。在这篇综述中，我们重点讨论了涉及各向异性纳米结构的比色检测，例如纳米棒、纳米板、纳米花、纳米双锥、纳米框架和纳米立方体，与各向同性的对应物相比，它们具有许多独特的优势。