Experimental research suggests that anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) inhibits tumor growth. Conversely, epidemiological studies suggest that higher AMH concentrations increase breast cancer risk, while associations with other cancers are inconsistent. Therefore, our aim was to provide a systematic review of current epidemiological evidence on AMH levels in relation to different cancer types. We performed a systematic search of PubMed and Embase for publications on circulating AMH in relation to cancer. Methodological quality of articles was assessed using the Study Quality Assessment Tools of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. We included 12 articles on breast, ovarian and endometrial cancer, lymphomas, non-gynaecological cancers, childhood cancer and prostate cancer. Five studies measured AMH prior to cancer diagnosis; the other studies measured AMH after diagnosis but prior to treatment. Higher prediagnosis AMH levels were associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. Associations with other types of cancer remained inconclusive, although analyses stratified by age hinted at an increased risk of ovarian and endometrial cancer in younger women. Pretreatment AMH levels were lower in women diagnosed with different types of cancer compared with AMH levels in healthy women. However, because we considered most of the studies that established pretreatment AMH levels to be of poor methodological quality, mainly because of inadequate correction for age at measurement and other important confounders, we refrain from definite conclusions based on these results. Future studies with young participants are needed to assess whether and how AMH affects the risk of different cancer types over time.

中文翻译：

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抗苗勒管激素水平和癌症风险：系统评价

实验研究表明，抗苗勒管激素 (AMH) 可抑制肿瘤生长。相反，流行病学研究表明，较高的 AMH 浓度会增加患乳腺癌的风险，而与其他癌症的关联则不一致。因此，我们的目标是对当前与不同癌症类型相关的 AMH 水平的流行病学证据进行系统评价。我们对 PubMed 和 Embase 进行了系统搜索，以查找有关循环 AMH 与癌症相关的出版物。使用国家心肺血液研究所的研究质量评估工具评估文章的方法学质量。我们收录了 12 篇关于乳腺癌、卵巢癌和子宫内膜癌、淋巴瘤、非妇科癌症、儿童癌症和前列腺癌的文章。五项研究在癌症诊断前测量了 AMH；其他研究在诊断后但在治疗前测量了 AMH。较高的诊断前 AMH 水平与患乳腺癌的风险增加有关。尽管按年龄分层的分析暗示年轻女性患卵巢癌和子宫内膜癌的风险增加，但与其他类型癌症的关联仍然没有定论。与健康女性的 AMH 水平相比，被诊断患有不同类型癌症的女性的治疗前 AMH 水平较低。然而，因为我们认为大多数确定治疗前 AMH 水平的研究方法学质量较差，主要是由于对测量年龄和其他重要混杂因素的校正不足，我们避免基于这些结果得出明确的结论。