Abri Pataud (France) is the type site in studies focusing on the appearance of modern humans and the development of classic Upper Paleolithic technocomplexes in Europe. It contains important evidence of successful adaptation strategies of modern humans to new territories and in response to sharply changing climatic conditions that characterized Marine Isotope Stages 3 and 2. Despite being for decades one of the best excavated and most studied Paleolithic sites, the chronology of Abri Pataud has lacked precision and revealed large discrepancies. The chronology of the lowermost part of the sequence (Levels 14–5) was refined in 2011 with the publication of 32 new radiocarbon determinations, mainly from the Aurignacian levels. In contrast, the Gravettian levels (Levels 5–2) remained poorly dated until now. Here, we present 18 new radiocarbon dates on cut-marked animal bones from the Gravettian part of the site, which complete the dating of this important sequence. The determinations are analyzed using Bayesian statistical modeling, and the results allow us to place the start of the Gravettian at the site between ∼33,000 and 32,000 cal BP (∼29,000–28,000 BP). We discuss the succession of the Gravettian facies across the sequence (Bayacian, Noaillian, Rayssian), as well as the likely duration of each archaeological level. With a total of more than 50 radiocarbon determinations, Abri Pataud offers secure information for the appearance and development of the technocomplexes linked with early modern humans and their establishment in western Europe. Based on published genetic data, it appears that it is the Gravettian hunter-gatherers and subsequent human groups, rather than the earlier Aurignacian and pre-Aurignacian groups, that contributed to the genetic signature of later and living Europeans. Hence, elucidating the precise timing of the Gravettian appearance has broad implications in our understanding of late human evolution across Europe.

Abri Pataud（法国）是研究的典型地点，重点研究现代人类的外观和欧洲上古旧石器时代经典技术复合体的发展。它包含了现代人类成功适应新大陆战略以及应对急剧变化的气候条件（以海洋同位素第3阶段和第2阶段为特征）的重要证据。尽管数十年来，这是开利和研究最多的旧石器时代遗址之一， Pataud缺乏精确度，并且显示出很大的差异。2011年，随着32种新的放射性碳测定值的发布（主要来自奥里尼亚克星系），对序列最下部（14-5级）的时间顺序进行了改进。相比之下，直到现在Gravettian级别（5–2级）的日期仍然很差。这里，我们在该网站Gravettian部分的切有标记的动物骨骼上展示了18个新的放射性碳数据，这些数据完成了这一重要序列的测年。使用贝叶斯统计模型对测定结果进行分析，结果使我们能够将Gravettian的起点放在约33,000和32,000 cal BP（约29,000-28,000 BP）之间的位置。我们讨论了整个序列（巴亚契人，诺伊人人，雷西人人）中Gravettian相的继承，以及每个考古层次的可能持续时间。Abri Pataud总共进行了50多次放射性碳测定，为与早期现代人类及其在西欧建立联系的技术复合物的出现和发展提供了安全的信息。根据公开的遗传数据，似乎是Gravettian的狩猎采集者和随后的人类群体，而不是早期的Aurignacian和Aurignacian之前的群体，为后来的欧洲人和在世的欧洲人的遗传特征做出了贡献。因此，阐明Gravettian出现的确切时间对我们对整个欧洲人类晚期进化的理解具有广泛的意义。