Sex differences in redox signaling in the kidney present new challenges and opportunities for understanding the physiology and pathophysiology of the kidney. This review will focus on reactive oxygen species, immune-related signaling pathways and endothelin-1 as potential mediators of sex-differences in redox homeostasis in the kidney. Additionally, this review will highlight male-female differences in redox signaling in several major cardiovascular and renal disorders namely acute kidney injury, diabetic nephropathy, kidney stone disease and salt-sensitive hypertension. Furthermore, we will discuss the contribution of redox signaling in the pathogenesis of postmenopausal hypertension and preeclampsia.

肾脏氧化还原信号的性别差异为理解肾脏的生理和病理生理提出了新的挑战和机遇。这项审查将侧重于活性氧，免疫相关的信号通路和内皮素1作为肾脏氧化还原稳态中性别差异的潜在介质。此外，本综述还将重点介绍几种主要心血管疾病和肾脏疾病（即急性肾脏损伤，糖尿病性肾病，肾结石疾病和盐敏感性高血压）中氧化还原信号的男女差异。此外，我们将讨论氧化还原信号在绝经后高血压和先兆子痫发病机理中的作用。