Although stroke is the most common acute cerebrovascular disease, there are no currently effective therapeutic drugs for ischemic stroke. (R,S)-ketamine has been shown to protect against brain injury in rodents after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Interestingly, we reported that (R)-ketamine has greater beneficial effects than (S)-ketamine in animal models of depression and Parkinson's disease. This study was undertaken whether two enantiomers of ketamine show neuroprotective effects in MCAO model. MCAO-induced brain injury and behavioral abnormalities in mice was attenuated by subsequent administration of (R)-ketamine (10 mg/kg, twice, 1 and 24 h after MCAO), but not (S)-ketamine (10 mg/kg, twice, 1 and 24 h after MCAO). Furthermore, the treatment with (R)-ketamine (10 mg/kg, twice, 30 min before and 24 h after MCAO) significantly protected against brain injury and behavioral abnormalities in mice after MCAO. These findings suggest that (R)-ketamine can protect against neuronal injury and behavioral abnormalities in mice after MCAO. Therefore, it is likely that (R)-ketamine could represent a therapeutic drug for ischemic stroke.

尽管中风是最常见的急性脑血管疾病，但目前尚无用于治疗缺血性中风的有效治疗药物。（R，S）-氯胺酮已被证明可以防止大脑中动脉闭塞（MCAO）后的啮齿动物脑部损伤。有趣的是，我们报道在抑郁症和帕金森氏病的动物模型中，（R）-氯胺酮比（S）-氯胺酮具有更大的有益作用。进行了这项研究，即氯胺酮的两种对映异构体在MCAO模型中是否显示神经保护作用。随后通过施用（R）-氯胺酮（10 mg / kg，在MCAO后两次，1、2和24小时）减轻了MCAO诱导的小鼠脑损伤和行为异常，但没有（S氯胺酮（MCAO后1小时，24小时两次，10 mg / kg）。此外，用（R）氯胺酮（MCAO之前，30分钟之前和之后24小时两次，10 mg / kg的治疗）可以显着预防MCAO后小鼠的脑损伤和行为异常。这些发现表明，（R）-氯胺酮可以预防MCAO后小鼠的神经元损伤和行为异常。因此，（R）-氯胺酮可能代表缺血性中风的治疗药物。