Abstract Multiscale micro/nano structures (e.g. large period ripples and sputtered particles) on titanium surfaces by obliquely incident femtosecond laser texturing. The effects of laser incident angle on surface structures, wettability and structural color were studied. As a result, sputtered particles are formed on the titanium surface for all incident angle. Fine ripples are appeared on the large period ripples, when the incident angle is greater than 50°. However, there is no fine ripples structure when the incident angle is less than 50°. Meanwhile, the structured surfaces appear structural color and superhydrophobicity for all laser angle. The formation mechanism of hybrid micro/nano structures on the titanium surface is also discussed.

中文翻译：

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由斜入射飞秒激光诱导微/纳米结构纹理化的彩色超疏水钛表面

摘要 通过斜入射飞秒激光纹理在钛表面上形成多尺度微/纳米结构（例如大周期波纹和溅射粒子）。研究了激光入射角对表面结构、润湿性和结构颜色的影响。结果，对于所有入射角，都会在钛表面上形成溅射颗粒。当入射角大于50°时，大周期波纹上会出现细小的波纹。然而，当入射角小于50°时，没有精细的波纹结构。同时，结构化表面对于所有激光角度都呈现结构色和超疏水性。还讨论了钛表面混合微/纳米结构的形成机制。