Rye is a multi‐purpose cereal crop grown in Central and Eastern Europe as well as in Western Canada. Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the diseases that have a severe negative impact on rye, but knowledge about FHB resistance at the genomic level is totally missing in rye. The objective of this study was to elucidate the genetic architecture of FHB resistance in winter rye using genome‐wide association (GWA) mapping complemented by genomic prediction (GP) in comparison with marker‐assisted selection (MAS). Additionally, plant height and heading stage were analysed. A panel of 465 S₁‐inbred lines of winter rye was phenotyped in three environments (location–year combinations) for FHB resistance by inoculation with Fusarium culmorum and genotyped with a 15k SNP array. Significant genotypic variation and high heritabilities were found for FHB resistance, heading stage and plant height. FHB did not correlate with heading stage, but was moderately correlated with plant height (r = −.52, p < .001) caused by some susceptible short inbred lines. The GWA scan identified 15 QTL for FHB resistance that jointly explained 74% of the genotypic variance. In addition, we detected 11 QTL for heading stage and 8 QTL for plant height, explaining 26% and 14% of the genotypic variance, respectively. A genome‐wide prediction approach resulted in 44% higher prediction abilities than marker‐assisted selection for FHB resistance. In conclusion, genomic approaches appear promising to improve and accelerate breeding for complex traits in winter rye.

中文翻译：

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全基因组关联映射和冬小麦黑麦镰刀菌抗白叶枯病，抽穗期和株高的基因组预测

黑麦是中欧和东欧以及加拿大西部种植的多用途谷物作物。镰刀菌枯萎病是对黑麦产生严重负面影响的疾病之一，但黑麦完全缺乏基因组水平对FHB抗药性的知识。这项研究的目的是通过与标记辅助选择（MAS）相比较的全基因组关联（GWA）作图，辅以基因组预测（GP），阐明冬季黑麦中FHB抗性的遗传结构。另外，分析了株高和抽穗期。通过接种枯萎镰刀菌，在三种环境（位置-年份组合）中对一组465 S ₁自交系黑麦进行表型分型并用15k SNP阵列进行基因分型。发现FHB抗性，抽穗期和株高显着的基因型变异和高遗传力。FHB与抽穗期无关，但与株高适度相关（r  = −.52，p <.001）是由一些易感的短近交系引起的。GWA扫描确定了15个FHB抗性QTL，共同解释了74％的基因型变异。此外，我们检测到抽穗期的11个QTL和株高的8个QTL，分别解释了26％和14％的基因型变异。全基因组预测方法比FHB抗性标记辅助选择方法的预测能力高44％。总之，基因组学方法有望改善和加速冬季黑麦复杂性状的育种。