The kidney is permeated by a highly complex vascular system with glomerular and peritubular capillary networks that are essential for maintaining the normal functions of glomerular and tubular epithelial cells. The integrity of the renal vascular network depends on a balance of proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors, and disruption of this balance has been identified in various kidney diseases. Decreased levels of the predominant proangiogenic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), can result in glomerular microangiopathy and contribute to the onset of preeclampsia, whereas upregulation of VEGFA has roles in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and polycystic kidney disease (PKD). Other factors that regulate angiogenesis, such as angiopoietin 1 and vasohibin 1, have been shown to be protective in animal models of DKD and renal fibrosis. The renal lymphatic system is important for fluid homeostasis in the kidney, as well as the transport of immune cells and antigens. Experimental studies suggest that the lymphangiogenic factor VEGFC might have protective effects in PKD, DKD and renal fibrosis. Understanding the physiological and pathological roles of factors that regulate angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in the kidney has led to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for kidney diseases.

中文翻译：

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靶向肾脏疾病中的血管生成和淋巴管生成。

肾脏由具有肾小球和肾小管毛细血管网络的高度复杂的血管系统渗透，这对于维持肾小球和肾小管上皮细胞的正常功能至关重要。肾血管网络的完整性取决于促血管生成和抗血管生成因子的平衡，并且在各种肾脏疾病中已发现这种平衡的破坏。主要的促血管生成因子，血管内皮生长因子A（VEGFA）的水平降低会导致肾小球微血管病变并导致先兆子痫，而VEGFA的上调在糖尿病肾病（DKD）和多囊性肾病（PKD）中起作用。在DKD和肾纤维化的动物模型中，其他调节血管生成的因素（如血管生成素1和血管抑制素1）已显示出保护作用。肾淋巴系统对于肾脏中的流体稳态以及免疫细胞和抗原的运输很重要。实验研究表明，淋巴管生成因子VEGFC可能对PKD，DKD和肾纤维化具有保护作用。理解调节肾脏中血管生成和淋巴血管生成的因子的生理和病理学作用导致了肾脏疾病的新治疗策略的发展。