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Synaptamide activates the adhesion GPCR GPR110 (ADGRF1) through GAIN domain binding.
Communications Biology ( IF 5.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-06 , DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0831-6
Bill X Huang 1 , Xin Hu 2 , Heung-Sun Kwon 1 , Cheng Fu 1 , Ji-Won Lee 1 , Noel Southall 2 , Juan Marugan 2 , Hee-Yong Kim 1
Affiliation  

Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCR) are characterized by a large extracellular region containing a conserved GPCR-autoproteolysis-inducing (GAIN) domain. Despite their relevance to several disease conditions, we do not understand the molecular mechanism by which aGPCRs are physiologically activated. GPR110 (ADGRF1) was recently deorphanized as the functional receptor of N-docosahexaenoylethanolamine (synaptamide), a potent synaptogenic metabolite of docosahexaenoic acid. Thus far, synaptamide is the first and only small-molecule endogenous ligand of an aGPCR. Here, we demonstrate the molecular basis of synaptamide-induced activation of GPR110 in living cells. Using in-cell chemical cross-linking/mass spectrometry, computational modeling and mutagenesis-assisted functional assays, we discover that synaptamide specifically binds to the interface of GPR110 GAIN subdomains through interactions with residues Q511, N512 and Y513, causing an intracellular conformational change near TM6 that triggers downstream signaling. This ligand-induced GAIN-targeted activation mechanism provides a framework for understanding the physiological function of aGPCRs and therapeutic targeting in the GAIN domain.

中文翻译:

Synaptamide通过GAIN域结合激活粘附GPCR GPR110(ADGRF1)。

粘附G蛋白偶联受体(aGPCR)的特征是大细胞外区域包含一个保守的GPCR-自蛋白水解诱导(GAIN)域。尽管它们与几种疾病状况相关,但我们尚不了解aGPCR在生理上被激活的分子机制。GPR110(ADGRF1)最近被脱色,成为N-二十二碳六烯基乙醇胺(synaptamide)的功能受体,N-二十二碳六烯基乙醇胺是一种有效的二十二碳六烯酸的突触代谢产物。到目前为止,突触酰胺是aGPCR的第一个也是唯一的小分子内源性配体。在这里,我们证明了在活细胞中突触酰胺诱导的GPR110激活的分子基础。使用细胞内化学交联/质谱,计算模型和诱变辅助功能测定,我们发现,突触酰胺通过与残基Q511,N512和Y513相互作用而特异性结合GPR110 GAIN亚域的界面,从而引起TM6附近的细胞内构象变化,从而触发下游信号传导。这种配体诱导的针对GAIN的激活机制为理解aGPCR的生理功能和GAIN域中的治疗靶向提供了框架。
更新日期:2020-03-06
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