Abstract

Bat guano is an important source of microbial diversity in caves and can be a source of potential pathogens. Laemostenus (Pristonychus) punctatus is a guanophilic ground beetle species, which pygidial gland secretion exhibits action against pathogenic and other microbes. The distribution and diversity of microbes in bat guano from a karstic cave were determined in this study. Additionally, antimicrobial activity of the pygidial gland secretion of L. (P.) punctatus against guano-dwelling microbes was tested; minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and chemical composition of the secretion were analyzed. In total, 63 different bacterial species and 16 fungal morphotypes were isolated from guano samples by the cultivation method and confirmed using and phenotypic characterization and molecular identification. There was a difference in the composition of certain microorganisms between the sampling points (cave locations) and between the guano layers. The largest number of bacterial isolates belongs to the genera Lysinibacillus and Paenibacillus, while Pseudomonas species were highly abundant at the innermost sampling point. For the guanophilic fungi, the majority are ascomycetes, with Penicillium and Aspergillus as the most dominant genera. Meyerozyma guilliermondii was the only yeast species found in the guano samples. The most sensitive isolates were Enterococcus eurekensis (MIC 0.007 mg/mL) and Escherichia fergusonii (MIC 0.028 mg/mL). The most sensitive fungal isolates were M. guilliermondii, Penicillium expansum, and Trichoderma harzianum (MIC 0.15 mg/mL). This study opens a new possibility for better understanding of ecological relations between microorganisms and troglophilic ground beetles and for detailed investigations of morpho-anatomical aspects of pygidial glands.

中文翻译：

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蝙蝠的鸟栖栖微生物及其滋养性甲虫的py腺分泌的抗菌特性

摘要

蝙蝠鸟粪是洞穴中微生物多样性的重要来源，并且可能是潜在病原体的来源。Laemostenus（Pristonychus）punctatus是一种地瓜类昆虫，它的gi腺分泌物可抵抗病原微生物和其他微生物。本研究确定了岩溶洞穴中蝙蝠鸟粪中微生物的分布和多样性。另外，L的胸腺分泌物的抗菌活性。（P）毛虫测试了针对鸟粪微生物的抗性；分析了最低抑菌浓度（MIC）和分泌物的化学组成。通过培养方法，从鸟粪样品中总共分离出63种不同的细菌种类和16种真菌形态，并使用，表型表征和分子鉴定进行了确认。在采样点之间（凹穴位置）和鸟粪层之间某些微生物的成分有所不同。细菌分离株的最大数量为Lysinibacillus和Paenibacillus属，而Pseudomonas物种在最内部的采样点高度丰富。对于嗜人真菌，大多数是子囊菌，伴有青霉菌和曲霉菌是最优势属。Meererozyma guilliermondii是在鸟粪样品中发现的唯一酵母菌种。最敏感的分离株是欧洲肠球菌（MIC 0.007 mg / mL）和弗氏大肠杆菌（MIC 0.028 mg / mL）。最敏感的真菌分离株是guilliermondii沙门氏菌，扩展青霉和哈茨木霉（MIC 0.15 mg / mL）。这项研究为更好地了解微生物与亲虫间甲虫之间的生态关系以及对detailed腺的形态解剖学方面进行详细研究提供了新的可能性。