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Facility pressure effects on a hall thruster with an external cathode, I: numerical simulations
Plasma Sources Science and Technology ( IF 3.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-05 , DOI: 10.1088/1361-6595/ab6c7e
Alejandro Lopez Ortega 1 , Ioannis G Mikellides 1 , Vernon H Chaplin 1 , John Steven Snyder 1 , Giovanni Lenguito 2
Affiliation  

We employ the 2-D (r-z) code Hall2De to conduct numerical simulations of the SPT-140, a Hall thruster that operates with an external hollow cathode. The simulations are informed by direct measurements of the plasma conditions in the acceleration channel that were obtained using the laser-induced fluorescence technique. We validate our simulation results with additional plasma measurements, wear test erosion rates, and performance data as a function of background pressure. The comparisons of the simulation results with thrust measurements provide insight into the longstanding question of how background pressure affects Hall thruster performance. We find that in thrusters with an external cathode changes in the thrust with varying backpressure can be partially explained by changes in the plasma density near the cathode. We argue that such changes in the density affect the voltage coupling and, eventually, the thrust. However, accounting for this mechanism alone in the simulations over-predicts the thrust measured during ground tests for backpressures less than 10 Torr. Also, at these backpressures, the measurements showed a higher rate of change of the thrust compared to the simulations. We propose that one explanation for this discrepancy is that the acceleration region may be axially shifting downstream with decreasing backpressure. Though possible, we also recognize that such shifts are not observed in LIF measurements at the lowest pressures for which such diagnostics are possible. We discuss alternative explanations in our (Part II) companion article.

中文翻译:

设施压力对带有外部阴极的霍尔推进器的影响,I:数值模拟

我们采用二维 (rz) 代码 Hall2De 对 SPT-140 进行数值模拟,SPT-140 是一种霍尔推进器,与外部空心阴极一起运行。模拟是通过使用激光诱导荧光技术获得的加速通道中等离子体条件的直接测量得出的。我们通过额外的等离子体测量、磨损测试侵蚀率和作为背景压力函数的性能数据来验证我们的模拟结果。将模拟结果与推力测量结果进行比较,可以深入了解背景压力如何影响霍尔推进器性能这一长期存在的问题。我们发现,在具有外部阴极的推进器中,随着背压变化的推力变化可以部分解释为阴极附近等离子体密度的变化。我们认为密度的这种变化会影响电压耦合,并最终影响推力。然而,在模拟中单独考虑这种机制会高估在地面测试期间测量的推力小于 10 Torr 的背压。此外,在这些背压下,与模拟相比,测量结果显示推力的变化率更高。我们建议对这种差异的一种解释是加速区域可能随着背压的降低而轴向向下游移动。尽管有可能,但我们也认识到,在可能进行此类诊断的最低压力下的 LIF 测量中未观察到此类变化。我们在(第二部分)配套文章中讨论了其他解释。在模拟中单独考虑这种机制会高估在地面测试期间测量的推力小于 10 Torr 的背压。此外,在这些背压下,与模拟相比,测量结果显示推力的变化率更高。我们建议对这种差异的一种解释是加速区域可能随着背压的降低而轴向向下游移动。尽管有可能,但我们也认识到,在可能进行此类诊断的最低压力下的 LIF 测量中未观察到此类变化。我们在(第二部分)配套文章中讨论了其他解释。在模拟中单独考虑这种机制会高估在地面测试期间测量的推力小于 10 Torr 的背压。此外,在这些背压下,与模拟相比,测量结果显示推力的变化率更高。我们建议对这种差异的一种解释是加速区域可能随着背压的降低而轴向向下游移动。虽然可能,但我们也认识到,在可能进行此类诊断的最低压力下的 LIF 测量中未观察到此类变化。我们在(第二部分)配套文章中讨论了其他解释。与模拟相比,测量结果显示推力的变化率更高。我们建议对这种差异的一种解释是加速区域可能随着背压的降低而轴向向下游移动。尽管有可能,但我们也认识到,在可能进行此类诊断的最低压力下的 LIF 测量中未观察到此类变化。我们在(第二部分)配套文章中讨论了其他解释。与模拟相比,测量结果显示推力的变化率更高。我们建议对这种差异的一种解释是加速区域可能随着背压的降低而轴向向下游移动。尽管有可能,但我们也认识到,在可能进行此类诊断的最低压力下的 LIF 测量中未观察到此类变化。我们在(第二部分)配套文章中讨论了其他解释。
更新日期:2020-03-05
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