Cost-affordable phenolic membranes having gradient nanostructures can be facilely synthesized from resol oligomers in the presence of ZnCl₂ and poloxamers. The gradient nanostructures are formed by stacking phenolic nanoparticles with gradually enlarged diameters as the distance from the upper surface increases. The use of poloxamers for creating gelation surroundings is of great significance for controlling the growth of phenolic nanoparticles, which in turn dictates the performance of the phenolic membranes thus-produced. Hence, a study of the effects of poloxamers species on the preparation of the phenolic membranes is highly demanded since such robust membranes have much potential to be scale up for mass production. Herein, the poloxamer Pluronic F127 (EO₁₀₆-PO₇₀-EO₁₀₆; EO = ethyleneoxide, PO = propyleneoxide) was introduced in the membrane-forming formulations. As opposed to P123 (EO₂₀-PO₇₀-EO₂₀) that we used previously, F127 possessing extended PEO chains can delay the gelation during membrane formation. Hence, the phenolic nucleates are able to grow for longer durations, leading to the generation of more distinct gradient nanostructures in the phenolic membranes. Enhanced permeance can then be realized with F127-derived phenolic membranes. We also demonstrate that L31 (EO₁-PO₂₂-EO₁) with merely single terminal EO units at the ends of the PPO block could be used to prepare gradient phenolic membranes. This work is not only much helpful to deeply understand the design of the structural gradient in phenolic membranes, but capable of sheding light on the development of such intriguing structures for water purification.

在ZnCl ₂和泊洛沙姆的存在下，可以由可熔酚醛低聚物容易地合成具有梯度纳米结构的可负担得起的酚膜。梯度纳米结构是通过堆叠直径随着直径逐渐增大的酚醛纳米颗粒而形成的。使用泊洛沙姆创造凝胶化环境对于控制酚类纳米颗粒的生长具有重要意义，这反过来又决定了由此制得的酚醛膜的性能。因此，迫切需要研究泊洛沙姆类物质对酚醛膜制备的影响，因为这种坚固的膜具有大规模生产大规模应用的潜力。泊洛沙姆Pluronic F127（EO ₁₀₆ -PO ₇₀-EO ₁₀₆ ; 将EO =环氧乙烷，PO =环氧丙烷）引入成膜配方中。相对于P123（EO ₂₀ -PO ₇₀ -EO ₂₀），我们以前使用的，具有F127扩展PEO链可以延迟在成膜过程中的凝胶化。因此，酚核能够生长更长的持续时间，从而导致在酚膜中产生更独特的梯度纳米结构。然后可以用F127衍生的酚醛膜实现更高的渗透性。我们还表明，L31（EO ₁ -PO ₂₂ -EO ₁）在PPO嵌段的末端只有一个末端EO单元可用于制备梯度酚醛膜。这项工作不仅对深入了解酚膜的结构梯度设计有很大帮助，而且还可以为开发这种吸引人的净水结构提供参考。