Abstract The main objective of this research is to characterize and quantify the prevalent physical processes in the energy transformation of a regular wave train when it interacts with permeable and impermeable breakwaters. Two sources of experimental data are considered: (a) numerical experiments on an undefined impermeable rigid slope, using the numerical model (IH–2VOF), and (b) physical experiments on a non-overtoppable permeable breakwater with a cube armor layer and a porous core of finite width in a 2D wave flume. A revised dimensional analysis reveals that the relative water depth, h/L, and the incident wave steepness, H/L, at the toe of permeable and impermeable breakwaters are the key factors to define and optimize the experimental space (HI/L, h/L). Moreover, the product of (h/L) (HI/L) can be applied to identify the type of wave breaking and the domains of wave energy transformation, and to quantify the reflected and transmitted energy coefficients and the dissipation rate ( K R 2 , K T 2 , D ∗ ) . Fitting an experimental curve (i.e. a sigmoid function) to the impermeable data, the slope is a plotting parameter. The same conclusion is obtained for a permeable breakwater; in addition the wave energy coefficients depend on the relative breakwater width B*/L, and the relative core grain size and D50,p/L, and armor unit diameter, Da/L. Because the range of the design factors spans several orders of magnitude, a log-transformation provides a well behaved experimental space [ln(h/L), ln(H/L)] which is likely of benefit to verify the wave breaker type and the related dissipation-reflection-transmission on slopes. Finally, this study shows that there is not a biunivocal relationship between the Iribarren number, Ir, and the type of breaker, the reflection and transmission coefficients and the bulk dissipation. Therefore, Iribarren's number is not a sufficient similarity parameter for the analysis of wave breaking, and related flow characteristics on slopes.

中文翻译：

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二维水波与可渗透和不可渗透斜坡的相互作用：量纲分析和实验概述

摘要 本研究的主要目的是表征和量化规则波列与可渗透和不可渗透的防波堤相互作用时能量转换中普遍存在的物理过程。考虑了两个实验数据来源：(a) 使用数值模型 (IH-2VOF) 在未定义的不渗透刚性斜坡上进行的数值实验，以及 (b) 在具有立方体装甲层和二维波槽中有限宽度的多孔核心。修订后的量纲分析表明，可渗透和不可渗透的防波堤趾部的相对水深 h/L 和入射波陡度 H/L 是定义和优化实验空间 (HI/L, h /L)。而且，(h/L) (HI/L) 的乘积可用于识别波浪破碎类型和波浪能量转换域，并量化反射和透射能量系数以及耗散率（ KR 2 ，KT 2 , D * ) 。将实验曲线（即 sigmoid 函数）与不渗透数据拟合，斜率是绘图参数。对于可渗透的防波堤，也得到了相同的结论；此外，波浪能系数取决于相对防波堤宽度 B*/L、相对核心粒度和 D50,p/L，以及装甲单元直径 Da/L。因为设计因素的范围跨越几个数量级，对数变换提供了一个表现良好的实验空间 [ln(h/L), ln(H/L)]，这可能有利于验证波浪破碎器类型和斜坡上相关的耗散-反射-传输。最后，这项研究表明，Iribarren 数、Ir 与断路器的类型、反射和透射系数以及体耗散之间不存在二元关系。因此，Iribarren 数不是分析波浪破碎和斜坡相关流动特性的充分相似参数。